Sentences with phrase «cloud radiative properties»

The greatest uncertainty in radiative forcing is associated with aerosols, particularly the aerosol indirect effect whereby aerosols influence cloud radiative properties.

Based on the understanding of both the physical processes that control key climate feedbacks (see Section 8.6.3), and also the origin of inter-model differences in the simulation of feedbacks (see Section 8.6.2), the following climate characteristics appear to be particularly important: (i) for the water vapour and lapse rate feedbacks, the response of upper - tropospheric RH and lapse rate to interannual or decadal changes in climate; (ii) for cloud feedbacks, the response of boundary - layer clouds and anvil clouds to a change in surface or atmospheric conditions and the change in cloud radiative properties associated with a change in extratropical synoptic weather systems; (iii) for snow albedo feedbacks, the relationship between surface air temperature and snow melt over northern land areas during spring and (iv) for sea ice feedbacks, the simulation of sea ice thickness.

[A] now - classic set of General Circulation Model (GCM) experiments ¬ produced global average surface temperature changes (due to doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration) ranging from 1.9 °C to 5.4 °C, simply by altering the way that cloud radiative properties were treated in the model.

F., M. Köhler, J. D. Farrara and C. R. Mechoso, 2002: The impact of stratocumulus cloud radiative properties on surface heat fluxes simulated with a general circulation model.

How may low - cloud radiative properties simulated in the current climate influence low - cloud feedbacks under global warming?

Aerosols directly affect the climate by scattering and absorbing radiation, and indirectly affect climate by altering cloud radiative properties, duration and amount.

Not exact matches

Indirect aerosol effect - Aerosols may lead to an indirect radiative forcing of the climate system through acting as cloud condensation nuclei or modifying the optical properties and lifetime of clouds.

Since aerosols, clouds, and the ground surface have very different polarization spectral signatures, it is possible to sort out the aerosol radiative properties from changes in surface albedo and cloud contamination.

Research activities include remote sensing techniques for retrieval of spatial, radiative and microphysical cloud properties from multispectral sensor data.

To evaluate the global effects of aerosols on the direct radiative balance, tropospheric chemistry, and cloud properties of the earth's atmosphere requires high - precision remote sensing that is sensitive to the aerosol optical thickness, size istribution, refractive index, and number density.

High and low cloud have different optical properties — so it matters less to know the quantity of cloud than to know the changes in cloud radiative forcing.

There are two separate issues: the correct radiative transfer model, then the correct ambient atmospheric conditions (H20 and other trace gases, temperature profiles, cloud properties, etc.).

«We explore the daily evolution of tropical intraseasonal oscillations in satellite - observed tropospheric temperature, precipitation, radiative fluxes, and cloud properties.

One can't arbitrarily choose feedbacks for water vapor, ice / albedo, clouds, etc., without looking to see how these phenomena are actually behaving — e.g., what are the radiative properties of water vapor, how is relative humidity changing, what is happening to low cloud cover, high cloud cover, and the high / low cloud ratios, etc.?.

He thought that this connection might occur via the effect of cosmic ray induced ionization on aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei and thus on the radiative properties of clouds.

Although we focus on a hypothesized CR - cloud connection, we note that it is difficult to separate changes in the CR flux from accompanying variations in solar irradiance and the solar wind, for which numerous causal links to climate have also been proposed, including: the influence of UV spectral irradiance on stratospheric heating and dynamic stratosphere - troposphere links (Haigh 1996); UV irradiance and radiative damage to phytoplankton influencing the release of volatile precursor compounds which form sulphate aerosols over ocean environments (Kniveton et al. 2003); an amplification of total solar irradiance (TSI) variations by the addition of energy in cloud - free regions enhancing tropospheric circulation features (Meehl et al. 2008; Roy & Haigh 2010); numerous solar - related influences (including solar wind inputs) to the properties of the global electric circuit (GEC) and associated microphysical cloud changes (Tinsley 2008).

Aerosol changes between those climate states are appropriately included as a fast feedback, not only because aerosols respond rapidly to changing climate but also because there are multiple aerosol compositions, they have complex radiative properties and they affect clouds in several ways, thus making accurate knowledge of their glacial — interglacial changes inaccessible.

Additionally, climatological models, which incorporate CCN generation mechanisms and cloud microphysics, fail to produce significant change in global - scale CCN populations, cloud optical properties, or radiative forcing (Snow - Kropla et al. 2011; Dunne et al. 2012; Kazil et al. 2012).

«While we have hypotheses about how the radiative properties may be affected within a single cloud,» Anna Possner explains, «we are limited in our understanding of how the presence of ice crystals impacts the areal coverage and reflective properties on the scale of an entire cloud field.»

However, Kazil et al. (2012) explored the ion - induced nucleation - cloud link further in a GCM, including changes in cloud properties and radiative forcing.

effects of aerosols on cloud properties (including cloud fraction, cloud microphysical parameters, and precipitation efficiency), which may modify the hydrological cycle without significant radiative impacts;

Jakob, C., G. Tselioudis, and T. Hume, 2005: The radiative, cloud, and thermodynamic properties of the major tropical Western Pacific cloud regimes.