The ACD unit employs an electronically controlled multi-plate
clutch center differential, vectoring drive torque to the front and rear according to different driving conditions to realize the best balance between steering response and traction characteristics on Tarmac, Gravel, or Snow surfaces.
The above mentioned cars use a Haldex type
clutch center differential which is only activated when the front wheels spin and always deactivated when braking.
Not exact matches
Utilizing a
center differential with a multi-plate
clutch, it normally sends all available torque to the rear wheels, but can deliver up to 38 percent to the fronts when the system deems it necessary.
Sand, Trail, and Rock modes tailor the vehicle's throttle, shift, and steering systems to the terrain, while also managing the vehicle's four - wheel drive system, made possible by a new
clutch - based
center differential specific to the G 63.
It weighs less than 3,000 pounds and has a sequential dog -
clutch gearbox; programmable
center differential; limited - slip front and rear
differentials; and a 2.0 - liter, turbocharged flat - four engine with 350 hp and 480 lb - ft of torque.
The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution is also predicated on the «turbo motor, compact platform» concept, but it throws in more technology in the form of all - wheel drive featuring an active
center differential with active yaw control, and the availability of a dual -
clutch automated six - speed manual transmission (a traditional five - speed manual is also available with the Lancer Evolution).
When the driver operates the switch for the
center differential lock, the multiplate
clutch switches to a 100 % locking effect.
Production commenced of the A241H, Toyota's first 4 - speed automatic transaxle for full - time 4WD vehicles, which uses a wet multi-plate
clutch as a
differential - limiting device for the
center differential
A switch on the
center console, though, allows for manual control over the
center differential, while the front and rear axle
differentials have a dog
clutch and a 100 - percent locking effect, and they can each be enabled individually.
For one, the front
differential moves fore of the
clutch, letting the engine scoot back farther toward the
center of the car, similar to the configuration in the A8 and the Bentley Continental.
To distribute the torque between front and rear axles, the Outback models with manual transmission use a viscous - type locking
center differential, while the 4 - speed automatic models utilize an electronically controlled variable transfer
clutch.
Haldex Traction LSC multi-plate
clutch with ECU electronic control, acting as a pseudo
center differential.
In Auto mode the new software algorithms allowed the multi-disc
clutch pack's friction and
clutch discs to slip as needed, simulating a planetary or bevel geared
center differential, making a geared
differential redundant.
[1] BorgWarner's original design called for using both a software controlled electromagnetic multi-disc (also called multi-plate)
clutch pack and a planetary or bevel geared
center differential together.
However, as the development process continued, engineers at BorgWarner discovered that, with clever software programming, they could control the variable electromagnetic multi-disc
clutch to a point where it would allow the front and rear drive shafts to turn at different rotational speeds on its own, without the aid of a planetary or bevel geared
center differential.
When traction loss is detected, torque is sent forward to the front
differential in 10 percent increments, via the
center multi-disc
clutch.
As it does so, intelligent control software allows the
center multi-disc
clutch to behave like a geared
center differential, such that «driveline binding» and «torque windup» do not occur.
They come in a number of different types, including a locking Torsen or torque - sensing
differential (found on Audi vehicles, the Toyota 4Runner, Toyota Land Cruiser and Lexus GX470), a non-locking
center differential (found on the Chrysler 300C, the Cadillac Escalade, SRX and Toyota Highlander) multiple
clutch systems (found on the Acura RL and RDX, Honda Ridgeline and Pilot) and multi-plate
clutch coupling systems (found on the BMW xDrive cars, Honda CR - V and HR - V, Lincoln MKS and MKZ, and Subaru vehicles.