The ongoing displacement of
coal by natural gas in the US electric generating sector was neatly illustrated in two recent articles.
Not exact matches
By 2030, Dubai hopes to balance
natural gas and solar and get 7 % of its energy from
coal.
Switching from
coal to
natural gas would reduce sulfur dioxide emissions
by more than 90 percent and nitrogen oxide emissions
by more than 60 percent.
Under this scenario,
by 2040 global energy demand will be significantly larger than it is now; oil,
coal, and
natural gas each will account for about one - quarter of total demand, and solar and wind together will account for roughly 5 %.
So we asked in our research: What would happen if current low
natural gas prices or pollution control policies caused all US
coal - burning power plants to be replaced
by natural gas generators?
But the real level of unemployment or underemployment is masked
by the fact that the official data does not include China «s 277 million migrant workers, such as Zhang Sihu and his wife from Bianqiang in Yulin, a region rich in
coal, oil and
natural gas in northwestern Shaanxi province.
As the Washington Post reported,
natural gas is overtaking
coal as the fossil fuel of choice for electricity generation — the report forecasts that
by 2019,
coal will provide 28 % of US electricity, whereas
natural gas will make up 34 %.
The whole thing started in 2015, when Stanford professor Mark Jacobson and some colleagues published a paper arguing that,
by mid-century, the United States could be powered entirely
by clean energy sources — and
by clean, he meant the really clean stuff (wind, solar, hydropower), not the only - somewhat - cleaner - than -
coal stuff like
natural gas, nuclear energy, and biofuels.
By his estimates, renewables make up perhaps 7 % of the power grid, with
natural gas and
coal making up the remaining majority.
Idaho ranks second - lowest, next to Washington, among states that are not dominated
by coal or
natural gas.
The
natural gas plants are necessary partly because of expected load growth, partly because of the intermittent nature of solar power and partly because of the planned retirement of around 3,000 megawatts of generation powered
by less efficient
coal and oil plants, he said.
But for those who oppose fracking, there is this: Burning the
natural gas produced
by fracking may be much better for the environment and public health, over the long run, than burning
coal.
Electricity consumption, powered largely
by coal, but increasingly
by natural gas and renewable energy sources, will grow
by 84 %
by 2035.
By the mid 2020s, the IEA expects the U.S. to become the world's biggest exporter of liquefied
natural gas, demand for which is set to rise strongly as China, India, and Southeast Asia all turn away from
coal to cleaner energy sources.
OTTAWA — The federal Liberal government says its new regulations to phase out power plants fired
by coal and
natural gas will cost more than $ 2.2 billion, but potentially save the country billions more in reduced health care costs.
(
By comparison,
coal and
natural gas today each account for about a third.)
A majority of economists, business and energy analysts instead agree that
coal's demise is due to a triple whammy: competition from much cheaper and cleaner - burning
natural gas, proliferated
by fracking technology; growth in the solar and wind energy production; and tougher environmental regulations.
While Alberta has promised to end
coal - fired electricity
by 2030, and is building 5,000 megawatts of renewable energy capacity, it will also allow some of those
coal units to convert to using inefficient fracked
natural gas.
China's
natural gas demand has been boosted
by price cuts aimed at switching users from
coal to the cleaner - burning fuel, according to one of the country's biggest
gas distributors.
These include warm summer weather, which drives up use of air conditioners and electricity, the increased popularity of
natural gas (versus
coal) among power producers (partly reflecting the low price of the former), and cutbacks in production
by some players in the
natural -
gas industry.
Yet even though the Clean Power Plan has never gone into effect and is now being repealed
by the EPA,
coal is already being surpassed
by natural gas — and sooner.
The only increases have come from
natural gas, and those largely at the expense of
coal, which is in great part being replaced
by gas in the generation of electric power.
That same Clean Power Plan predicted that
by 2030, under the policy's changes to the electricity sector,
natural gas would provide 33 percent of U.S. electricity, and
coal would provide 27 percent.
The reasons are familiar
by now: cheap
natural gas, cheap renewables, stagnant electricity demand, and old
coal plants getting outcompeted on the market.
Prices for electricity would be 4 percent lower
by 2033 with a transition to more wind, solar and hydroelectric power than a persistent reliance on
coal and
natural gas, according to a report
by Calgary - based environmental research firm Pembina Institute and Clean Energy Canada, a Vancouver - based organization that promotes renewable energy.
You will find a host of articles that describe in detail the process
by which the great forests of the Cretaceous Period (circa 145 - 65 million years ago) slowly develop into
coal and how sea life slowly developed into oil and
natural gas.
In the middle of the nineteenth century
coal began to be displaced
by oil and later oil has been complemented with
natural gas.
Cuomo announced a deal in December 2013, subsequently approved
by the PSC, to provide the
coal - powered Dunkirk plant with $ 20.4 million a year to help renovate it to burn
natural gas.
New York must reduce its greenhouse
gas emissions 38 percent
by 2030 and the emissions - free power produced
by Indian Point won't easily be replaced
by plants that burn
coal,
natural gas or oil.
Cuomo personally traveled to Western New York to announce a repowering agreement for a
coal - burning facility in Dunkirk that would switch it to
natural gas and keep the town's revenue base intact, largely
by forcing utility ratepayers o pay a little extra on their monthly bills.
The administration will seek to phase out the two
coal plants that will be remaining at the end of this year,
by converting them to
natural gas or shutting them down entirely.
Natural gas use increased
by 3 percent to 28.3 quads while
coal use decreased
by 12 percent to 15.7 quads.
Natural gas combined - cycle power plants are already heavily favored
by utilities to the near exclusion of
coal, said Joost de Gouw, an atmospheric scientist with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences.
I was encouraged
by President Obama's calls for the construction of more nuclear power plants, as well as for increased offshore exploration of oil and
natural gas, and the further development of clean
coal technologies.
Both the Air Force in December and Airbus earlier this month completed flights powered
by synfuel — liquid jet fuel made from
coal or
natural gas.
In a modeling study of
coal, oil, and
natural gas, Zhang and Caldeira compared the warming caused
by combustion to the warming caused
by the carbon dioxide released
by a single instance of burning, such as one lump of
coal, and
by a power plant that is continuously burning fuel.
Most electricity in the United States is generated at power plants that run on
coal and
natural gas — fossil fuels that contribute significantly to global warming
by emitting large amounts of carbon dioxide.
And if all our oil,
natural gas, and
coal resources are burned, «that could raise CO2 levels
by a factor of ten,» says Tans.
When hooked up to the average 500 - megawatt
natural -
gas or
coal power plant, the vortex engine could produce an extra 200 megawatts of energy just
by putting the excess heat to use.
Coal consumption, in particular, saw steep declines
by dropping 18 percent, while
natural gas use dipped just 1 percent, versus 2015 rates.
The Energy Information Administration projects that
by 2035
natural gas will generate more electricity than
coal.
This stability in methane levels had led scientists to believe that emissions of the
gas from
natural sources like livestock and wetlands, as well as from human activities like
coal and
gas production, were balanced
by the rate of destruction of methane in the atmosphere.
Coal - powered synthetic
natural gas plants being planned in China would produce seven times more greenhouse
gas emissions than conventional
natural gas plants, and use up to 100 times the water as shale
gas production, according to a new study
by Duke University researchers.
The findings, reported today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, add to a burgeoning debate over the climate impact of replacing oil - and
coal - fired power plants with those fuelled
by natural gas.
The findings show the nation can cut carbon pollution from power plants in a cost - effective way,
by replacing
coal - fired generation with cleaner options like wind, solar, and
natural gas.
Solar panels could produce electricity at the same price as
coal - and
natural gas - burning power plants
by the end of this decade if countries direct resources at this rapidly advancing corner of the energy industry, according to the Paris - based International Energy Agency.
When
coal - and
natural gas — fed plants produce ammonia, they generate two main
by - products: heat and carbon dioxide (CO2).
Here's how it might work: Next year and in each year thereafter, Congress would set an overall cap on fossil fuels extracted
by upstream energy producers, which David A. Weisbach of the University of Chicago Law School identifies as «fewer than 3,000 entities» — petroleum refiners,
coal mines and domestic
natural gas processors — «plus imports at a few locations.»
These are the principal findings of new research from Carnegie's Ken Caldeira and Xiaochun Zhang, and Nathan Myhrvold of Intellectual Ventures that compares the temperature increases caused
by different kinds of
coal and
natural gas power plants.
Instead of regulating carbon at the many smokestacks where emissions occur, the group recommends regulating
by cap - and - trade permits directed «upstream» at the wellheads, mine mouths, and import points where oil,
coal, and
natural gas enter the economy.