Data (1, 2) showing China's impressive recent wind & solar scale - up relative to
coal growth from a decade earlier.
Not exact matches
Literally the fuel of America's Industrial Revolution and
growth,
coal has fallen
from providing more than half of the nation's electricity as recently as 2000 to 30 percent in 2017.
A majority of economists, business and energy analysts instead agree that
coal's demise is due to a triple whammy: competition
from much cheaper and cleaner - burning natural gas, proliferated by fracking technology;
growth in the solar and wind energy production; and tougher environmental regulations.
A slowdown in the
growth of China's
coal demand, due to more tepid economic
growth and fuel substitution, has sent the prices that Australia fetches for its thermal
coal plunging
from US$ 125 a tonne in early 2012 to around US$ 70 a tonne.
«We see a Chinese economy gradually shifting
from construction to consumption, and so, we will transition,» said Mackenzie adding that «We imagine we will continue to creep our exports of steelmaking materials like metallurgical
coal and iron ore, but we're much more likely to make major investments in what we feel are the next phase of China's
growth in energy and in food.»
The annual
growth rate for
coal production varied between 1.2 and 1.9 per cent per annum throughout the period
from the 1560s to 1800, with only limited variation.
Plus, the structural changes underway, favoring a transition away
from heavy industry, point to weak demand
growth ahead for
coal.
Darin Kingston of d.light, whose profitable solar - powered LED lanterns simultaneously address poverty, education, air pollution / toxic fumes / health risks, energy savings, carbon footprint, and more Janine Benyus, biomimicry pioneer who finds models in the natural world for everything
from extracting water
from fog (as a desert beetle does) to construction materials (spider silk) to designing flood - resistant buildings by studying anthills in India's monsoon climate, and shows what's possible when you invite the planet to join your design thinking team Dean Cycon, whose coffee company has not only exclusively sold organic fairly traded gourmet coffee and cocoa beans since its founding in 1993, but has funded dozens of village - led community development projects in the lands where he sources his beans John Kremer, whose concept of exponential
growth through «biological marketing,» just as a single kernel of corn grows into a plant bearing thousands of new kernels, could completely change your business strategy Amory Lovins of the Rocky Mountain Institute, who built a near - net - zero - energy luxury home back in 1983, and has developed a scientific, economically viable plan to get the entire economy off oil,
coal, and nuclear and onto renewables — while keeping and even improving our high standard of living
Production
growth has stalled before in the 1990s, but this time I suspect that a production limit has been reached and it is easier now for China to import surface mined
coal from Indonesia and Australia.
From boosting energy efficiency to cutting out
coal, Claire Perry says the UK government is leading the world on clean
growth.
That said, whereas CO2 emissions
from coal - fired power plants in the U.S. have declined, greenhouse gas emissions
from oil sands have doubled since the turn of the century and look set to double again by the end of this decade — the primary source of emissions
growth for the entire country of Canada.
The extraordinary
growth in fracking — the hydraulic fracturing of deeply buried shale rock to extract natural gas — has transformed the United States over the past 15 years, boosting energy stocks, cutting pollution
from conventional
coal - power plants, and creating new jobs.
Even without the environmental drive, new railways
from mines to ports, falling investment in
coal - fired generation and slowing power demand
growth could see China's miners export some of their surplus output at competitive prices, hitting regional miners and the viability of new projects.
China's
growth is even outstripping its own capability to extract ever - increasing amounts of
coal from its rich geological resources.
The infant solar power companies, however, must gain their foothold by taking business away
from the incumbent and politically powerful
coal, natural gas and nuclear power providers, at a time when overall
growth in U.S. electricity demand is still slowed by an underperforming economy.
«That increase is not a surprise to scientists,» said NOAA senior scientist Pieter Tans, with the Global Monitoring Division of NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory in Boulder, Colo. «The evidence is conclusive that the strong
growth of global CO2 emissions
from the burning of
coal, oil, and natural gas is driving the acceleration.»
By comparison, scenarios for fossil fuel emissions for the 21st century range
from about 600 billion tons (if we can keep total global emissions at current levels) to over 2500 billion tons if the world increases its reliance on combustion of
coal as economic
growth and population increase dramatically.
With financial backing
from the Appalachian Regional Commission, Southern Research formed The Prosperity Fund in 2017 to accelerate small business
growth and job creation in four Alabama counties hurt by the
coal industry's downward spiral.
Ontario's hydropower, the
growth of renewable energy and the province's access to natural gas and nuclear power helped to make the transition
from 25 percent
coal - fired electricity to zero possible.
The
growth rate of fossil fuel emissions increased
from 1.5 % / year during 1980 — 2000 to 3 % / year in 2000 — 2012, mainly because of increased
coal use [4]--[5].
China's
coal demand
growth averaged 9 % per year
from 2000 to 2010, more than double the global
growth rate of 4 % and significantly higher than global
growth excluding China, which averaged only 1 %.
The US is expected to see slower decline in its carbon emissions,
from an annual 1.2 % drop over the past 10 years to a decrease of 0.4 % this year, with a return to
growth in
coal use, as president Donald Trump promised to rescue the
coal industry.
[AR: I keep hearing, again and again, that China simply will not budge
from its
growth,
coal, and emissions trajectories without help — meaning money —
from countries, like the United States, that have built their own economies on fossil fuels for a century or two.
China's industrial
growth hinges on burning
coal from mines like this one in Shenmu, Shaanxi Province, behind a village store.
Although the
growth rate of
coal slows
from the breakneck pace of the last decade, global
coal consumption by 2017 stands at 4.32 billion tonnes of oil equivalent (btoe), versus around 4.40 btoe for oil, based on IEA medium - term projections.
To have a discernible impact on the
growth in emissions
from coal burning, carbon dioxide disposal would have to get to the billion - tons - a-year level.
The piece focuses on a study coming next month
from Max Auffhammer and others at the University of California, Berkeley, which concludes that
growth in China's
coal use and emissions had been underestimated and would easily outpace any gains
from efficiency or other shifts in industrialized countries.
India is as determined as ever to sustain its economic
growth and demand help
from the rich world for any costly diversion
from conventional
coal burning to fuel that
growth.
Plenty of
coal to run high tech civilization at least another hundred years even with substantial economic
growth by burning it in conventional
coal - fired electric plants and making liquid hydrocarbon automotive fuels
from it.
The link between access to affordable power
from coal, economic
growth and prosperity is clear.
Despite rapid
growth of wind and solar, it says, two - thirds of power generation will come
from gas,
coal and nuclear plants over the next decade.
Last year the underlying multi-year average
growth rate was higher than ever because the rate of emissions
from the burning of
coal, oil, and natural gas has experienced a steady upward trend.
Are you contradicting my claim that «China's target for installed photovoltaic power by 2015 is in the range 15 - 21 GW,» or are you saying that this amount of
growth is a small fraction of the
growth from coal?
China's energy output
from solar is miniscule and the rate of
growth is a small fraction of the
growth from coal and nuclear.
The greatest surge in manmade CO2 (plus methane, ethane, nitrogen and sulfur oxides, and many more so - called greenhouses gases) occurred
from 1940, as the industrialized world experienced an explosive
growth in (95 %
coal - fired) heavy industry, first for armaments in WWII, then infrastructure and industrial rebuilding and consumer durables (cars, refrigerators etc.) in the post war boom.
This flattening of emissions was due to the
growth of renewable power generation, fuel switching
from coal to natural gas and energy efficiency gains, among other changes.
The
coal case study is insightful because it shows how one of the biggest and most advanced economies in the world can decouple
growth from coal - based power in a short space of time.
The industry's plan B, to export production to assumed perennial
growth markets in Asia, has also floundered amid a global market awash with supply
from other countries and weak demand; Chinese
coal consumption fell nearly 3 % in 2014 while India, the world's third largest buyer, says it may stop imports of thermal
coal in the next three years With domestic markets collapsing and no lifeline
from abroad, 264 [1] US mines were closed between 2011 and 2013.
Headwinds have already begun blowing
from the
coal industry, and
from politicians who claim the regulations would curb economic
growth and raise energy costs.
Maybe I'll be pleasantly astonished again by zero
growth of
coal in China
from 2015.
For example, the IEA see
coal demand as flat over the next five years, which will likely be followed by a steady decline as CO2 emissions continue to decouple
from economic
growth.
51 Fig. 20 - 14, p. 481 Cut fossil fuel use (especially
coal) Shift
from coal to natural gas Improve energy efficiency Shift to renewable energy resources Transfer energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies to developing countries Reduce deforestation Use more sustainable agriculture and forestry Limit urban sprawl Reduce poverty Slow population
growth Remove CO 2
from smoke stack and vehicle emissions Store (sequester) CO2 by planting trees Sequester CO 2 deep underground Sequester CO 2 in soil by using no - till cultivation and taking cropland out of production Sequester CO 2 in the deep ocean Repair leaky natural gas pipelines and facilities Use animal feeds that reduce CH 4 emissions by belching cows Solutions Global Warming PreventionCleanup
While boondoggles involving wood chips
from natural forests have emerged due to foolish regulation, a more gradual approach to conversion could well support a
growth industry in «renewable»
coal replacements, while allowing existing mining operations to use up their resources with little interference.
The industry is hoping much of its
growth will come
from filling the gap as governments force old
coal power plants to close to meet climate change goals, as the UK has committed to doing by 2025.
The
growth in greenhouse gas emissions is driven especially, but not solely, by very high
growth rates in China and India, with energy supply coming predominantly
from coal and oil.
However, this does represent a lower rate of increase than the historical average — China's average annual
growth rate for
coal consumption
from 2000 to 2013 was 8.8 percent.
The
growth rate of fossil fuel emissions increased
from 1.5 % / year during 1980 — 2000 to 3 % / year in 2000 — 2012, mainly because of increased
coal use [4]--[5].
Growth in the industrial sector is due to continued industrialization in developing countries and movement away
from coal.
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Furthermore, fossil fuel and utility interests that have a stake in
coal or natural gas plants simply want to slow the
growth of their competition: for every solar installation on a home, means approximately one less customer paying for the electricity produced
from fossil fuel plants.