Countries of South East Europe plan to add about 6 GW of new
coal power capacity by 2030, largely backed by the finance from Chinese investors.
Not exact matches
The glut of cheap gas and tightening regulations on air pollutants have prompted the planned closure of 175
coal - fired
power plants
by 2016, representing 8.5 percent of all
coal - fueled electricity
capacity in the country.
That argument bolsters Prime Minister Modi's commitment to double
coal production
by 2020, for example, even as India also (at a much, much smaller scale) expands solar
capacity and nuclear
power.
(
By comparison, the average
coal - burning
power plant has a
capacity of about 800 megawatts, but generates electricity day or night.)
This year alone, China is expected to increase its
coal - fueled
power capacity by 50 gigawatts, representing several hundred million tons of additional annual
coal use.
But He said that would depend on China achieving a real reduction in
coal consumption from sometime around 2020 or 2025, and on the nation meeting its target of having 150 - 200 gigawatts of nuclear
power capacity by 2030.
At a plausible GHG emissions price of $ 50 / t CO2eq under a future US carbon mitigation policy, such co-production systems competing as
power suppliers would be able to provide low - GHG - emitting synthetic fuels at the same unit cost as for
coal synfuels characterized
by ten times the GHG emission rate that are produced in plants having three times the synfuel output
capacity and requiring twice the total capital investment.
Since 2000,
coal - fired
power generation
capacity has grown
by nearly 900 gigawatts (GW), but net additions from today to 2040 are only 400 GW and many of these are plants already under construction.
By comparison, a net of about 73 GW of fossil fuel generation came online in 2017 — 121 GW of new
coal and gas - fired
power capacity, less 48 GW of gas and
coal that were retired.
At an industry roundtable hosted
by the U.S. - India Business Council (USIBC) in New York, Piyush Goyal, Minister of State with Independent Charge for
Power,
Coal, New & Renewable Energy discussed India's ambitious target of achieving 175 GW of renewable generation
capacity and innovative ways of mainstreaming energy efficiency.
FPL says it expects its solar
power generation
capacity will exceed that from
coal and oil combined
by 2020.
The Clean Energy Future: Protecting the Climate, Creating Jobs, and Saving Money puts forth a plan that expands renewable energy and energy efficiency, phases out all
coal - fired
power by 2050, and decreases natural gas
capacity, along with modest changes in other sectors.
[5] If built, these would expand the world's
coal - fired
power capacity by a staggering 42.7 %.
Expansion of grid supply
by construction of big new
coal fired
power plants such as in the Hunter Valley and near Lithgow are going ahead and look to me to be intended to prevent the issue of decarbonising our energy supply getting mixed up with the issue of maintaining growth and reliability of supply; we'll have enough fossil fuel generating
capacity that building low emissions
capacity will remain «optional» and can be deferred another decade or two.
UBS analysts say utilities in Europe need to shut down 30 % of their gas,
coal, and oil - fed
power capacity by 2017, not to fight global warming, cut pollution, or cut fuel imports, but because renewable energy is pushing fossil fuels off the grid.
China continues to lead the world in the amount of
coal power capacity under development, despite tightening restrictions on new
coal plant projects
by the Chinese authorities.
Operating cost for electric cars is $ 0.50 to $ 0.75 per mile versus $ 0.10 for gasoline
powered cars once battery replacement costs are included
By 2020, Chinese PER CAPITA emissions will be higher than America's Does not believe that the 0.6 degree temperature rise to date is the West's «fault,» but does believe that China is the future problem Whatever U.S. does about emissions reduction and what people do as individuals is totally trivial in face of the fact that China is adding huge amounts of
coal fired generating
capacity The most meaningful emissions reduction strategy today would be to convert China from
coal to natural gas The claim that there are more frequent or more intense hurricanes and tornadoes as a result of AGW is not scientifically supported We can reduce emissions, but it is important that we do the RIGHT things (and NOT the WRONG ones) Not worried about «peak oil;»
coal can be converted to liquid fuel
China has expressed a strong interest in cleaner
coal - based technologies like
coal liquefaction and gasification, but the government appears to put official hope in renewable energy, setting a target of 12 % of its
power generation
capacity coming from renewables
by 2020 — up from a mere 3 % in 2003.
BNEF expects the nation's
coal -
power capacity in 2040 will be about half of what it is now after older plants come offline and are replaced
by cheaper and less - polluting sources such as gas and renewables.
Although China is adding wind and solar
power capacity at a rapid clip, after years of exporting most of their solar panel output, the scale of the country's
coal use doesn't lend itself to easy or quick substitution
by these renewables.
High - income countries should commit now to end the building of new unabated
coal - fired
power generation and accelerate early retirement of existing unabated
capacity, while middle - income countries should aim to limit new construction now and halt new builds
by 2025.»
In Texas, a state with plenty of gas and solar
capacity, nearly 10 GW of
coal are expected to be retired
by 2031, even before any consideration of the Clean
Power Plan.
The researchers found that wood pellets burned in European and UK
power plants, such as the Drax facility in North Yorkshire — which has transitioned some of its
coal power generation
capacity to wood pellets with the support of UK government subsidies — actually emit more CO2 per kilowatt hour than that generated
by coal.
Drawing on the latest technologies, including those used
by oil and gas companies in drilling and in enhanced oil recovery, the team estimated that enhanced geothermal systems could be used to develop 100,000 megawatts of electrical generating
capacity in the United States
by 2050, a
capacity equal to 250
coal - fired
power plants.
He managed to find a note of optimism in the more efficient
coal power fleet that will remain after 68,000 MW of old
capacity retires
by 2020, under pressure from various regulations and competition from natural gas.
Coal - fired
power plants also could be used to make up shortfalls caused
by, or instance, natural disaster knocked out lower - emission
capacity elsewhere in the system.
If we assume that each meter provides 0.7 thermal kilowatts of
power, then we are looking at a world solar thermal
capacity by 2020 of 1,100 thermal gigawatts, the equivalent of 690
coal - fired
power plants.
«Texas Decision Could Double Wind
Power Capacity in the U.S.,» Renewable Energy Access, 4 October 2007; coal - fired power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; an average wind turbine operates 36 percent of the time; Iceland geothermal usage from Iceland National Energy Authority and Ministries of Industry and Commerce, Geothermal Development and Research in Iceland (Reykjavik, Iceland: April 2006), p. 16; European per person consumption from European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), «Wind Power on Course to Become Major European Energy Source by the End of the Decade,» press release (Brussels: 22 November 2004); China's solar water heaters calculated from Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), Renewables Global Status Report, 2006 Update (Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 2006), p. 21, and from Bingham Kennedy, Jr., Dissecting China's 2000 Census (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, June 2001); Philippines from Geothermal Energy Association (GEA), «World Geothermal Power Up 50 %, New US Boom Possible,» press release (Washington, DC: 11 April 2
Power Capacity in the U.S.,» Renewable Energy Access, 4 October 2007; coal - fired power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; an average wind turbine operates 36 percent of the time; Iceland geothermal usage from Iceland National Energy Authority and Ministries of Industry and Commerce, Geothermal Development and Research in Iceland (Reykjavik, Iceland: April 2006), p. 16; European per person consumption from European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), «Wind Power on Course to Become Major European Energy Source by the End of the Decade,» press release (Brussels: 22 November 2004); China's solar water heaters calculated from Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), Renewables Global Status Report, 2006 Update (Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 2006), p. 21, and from Bingham Kennedy, Jr., Dissecting China's 2000 Census (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, June 2001); Philippines from Geothermal Energy Association (GEA), «World Geothermal Power Up 50 %, New US Boom Possible,» press release (Washington, DC: 11 Apri
Capacity in the U.S.,» Renewable Energy Access, 4 October 2007;
coal - fired
power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; an average wind turbine operates 36 percent of the time; Iceland geothermal usage from Iceland National Energy Authority and Ministries of Industry and Commerce, Geothermal Development and Research in Iceland (Reykjavik, Iceland: April 2006), p. 16; European per person consumption from European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), «Wind Power on Course to Become Major European Energy Source by the End of the Decade,» press release (Brussels: 22 November 2004); China's solar water heaters calculated from Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), Renewables Global Status Report, 2006 Update (Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 2006), p. 21, and from Bingham Kennedy, Jr., Dissecting China's 2000 Census (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, June 2001); Philippines from Geothermal Energy Association (GEA), «World Geothermal Power Up 50 %, New US Boom Possible,» press release (Washington, DC: 11 April 2
power plant equivalents calculated
by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt
capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; an average wind turbine operates 36 percent of the time; Iceland geothermal usage from Iceland National Energy Authority and Ministries of Industry and Commerce, Geothermal Development and Research in Iceland (Reykjavik, Iceland: April 2006), p. 16; European per person consumption from European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), «Wind Power on Course to Become Major European Energy Source by the End of the Decade,» press release (Brussels: 22 November 2004); China's solar water heaters calculated from Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), Renewables Global Status Report, 2006 Update (Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 2006), p. 21, and from Bingham Kennedy, Jr., Dissecting China's 2000 Census (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, June 2001); Philippines from Geothermal Energy Association (GEA), «World Geothermal Power Up 50 %, New US Boom Possible,» press release (Washington, DC: 11 Apri
capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; an average wind turbine operates 36 percent of the time; Iceland geothermal usage from Iceland National Energy Authority and Ministries of Industry and Commerce, Geothermal Development and Research in Iceland (Reykjavik, Iceland: April 2006), p. 16; European per person consumption from European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), «Wind
Power on Course to Become Major European Energy Source by the End of the Decade,» press release (Brussels: 22 November 2004); China's solar water heaters calculated from Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), Renewables Global Status Report, 2006 Update (Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 2006), p. 21, and from Bingham Kennedy, Jr., Dissecting China's 2000 Census (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, June 2001); Philippines from Geothermal Energy Association (GEA), «World Geothermal Power Up 50 %, New US Boom Possible,» press release (Washington, DC: 11 April 2
Power on Course to Become Major European Energy Source
by the End of the Decade,» press release (Brussels: 22 November 2004); China's solar water heaters calculated from Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), Renewables Global Status Report, 2006 Update (Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 2006), p. 21, and from Bingham Kennedy, Jr., Dissecting China's 2000 Census (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, June 2001); Philippines from Geothermal Energy Association (GEA), «World Geothermal
Power Up 50 %, New US Boom Possible,» press release (Washington, DC: 11 April 2
Power Up 50 %, New US Boom Possible,» press release (Washington, DC: 11 April 2002).
CSE also recommends enacting CEA's plan to retire 48 GW of India's oldest
coal generation
by 2027, allowing cleaner distributed electricity sources to meet India's
power demand while raising
capacity factors for newer «cleaner»
coal plants, simultaneously reducing financial risks for utilities and consumers.
But while India's
power demand will double over the next decade, its draft National Electricity Plan (NEP) calls for rising demand to be met with 275 gigawatts (GW) total renewable energy
capacity by 2027, without requiring new
coal plants beyond those already under construction.
(11/15/07) «Ban the Bulb: Worldwide Shift from Incandescents to Compact Fluorescents Could Close 270
Coal - Fired
Power Plants» (5/9/07) «Massive Diversion of U.S. Grain to Fuel Cars is Raising World Food Prices» (3/21/07) «Distillery Demand for Grain to Fuel Cars Vastly Understated: World May Be Facing Highest Grain Prices in History» (1/4/07) «Santa Claus is Chinese OR Why China is Rising and the United States is Declining» (12/14/06) «Exploding U.S. Grain Demand for Automotive Fuel Threatens World Food Security and Political Stability» (11/3/06) «The Earth is Shrinking: Advancing Deserts and Rising Seas Squeezing Civilization» (11/15/06) «U.S. Population Reaches 300 Million, Heading for 400 Million: No Cause for Celebration» (10/4/06) «Supermarkets and Service Stations Now Competing for Grain» (7/13/06) «Let's Raise Gas Taxes and Lower Income Taxes» (5/12/06) «Wind Energy Demand Booming: Cost Dropping Below Conventional Sources Marks Key Milestone in U.S. Shift to Renewable Energy» (3/22/06) «Learning From China: Why the Western Economic Model Will not Work for the World» (3/9/05) «China Replacing the United States and World's Leading Consumer» (2/16/05)» Foreign Policy Damaging U.S. Economy» (10/27/04) «A Short Path to Oil Independence» (10/13/04) «World Food Security Deteriorating: Food Crunch In 2005 Now Likely» (05/05/04) «World Food Prices Rising: Decades of Environmental Neglect Shrinking Harvests in Key Countries» (04/28/04) «Saudis Have U.S. Over a Barrel: Shifting Terms of Trade Between Grain and Oil» (4/14/04) «Europe Leading World Into Age of Wind Energy» (4/8/04) «China's Shrinking Grain Harvest: How Its Growing Grain Imports Will Affect World Food Prices» (3/10/04) «U.S. Leading World Away From Cigarettes» (2/18/04) «Troubling New Flows of Environmental Refugees» (1/28/04) «Wakeup Call on the Food Front» (12/16/03) «
Coal: U.S. Promotes While Canada and Europe Move Beyond» (12/3/03) «World Facing Fourth Consecutive Grain Harvest Shortfall» (9/17/03) «Record Temperatures Shrinking World Grain Harvest» (8/27/03) «China Losing War with Advancing Deserts» (8/4/03) «Wind
Power Set to Become World's Leading Energy Source» (6/25/03) «World Creating Food Bubble Economy Based on Unsustainable Use of Water» (3/13/03) «Global Temperature Near Record for 2002: Takes Toll in Deadly Heat Waves, Withered Harvests, & Melting Ice» (12/11/02) «Rising Temperatures & Falling Water Tables Raising Food Prices» (8/21/02) «Water Deficits Growing in Many Countries» (8/6/02) «World Turning to Bicycle for Mobility and Exercise» (7/17/02) «New York: Garbage Capital of the World» (4/17/02) «Earth's Ice Melting Faster Than Projected» (3/12/02) «World's Rangelands Deteriorating Under Mounting Pressure» (2/5/02) «World Wind Generating
Capacity Jumps 31 Percent in 2001» (1/8/02) «This Year May be Second Warmest on Record» (12/18/01) «World Grain Harvest Falling Short
by 54 Million Tons: Water Shortages Contributing to Shortfall» (11/21/01) «Rising Sea Level Forcing Evacuation of Island Country» (11/15/01) «Worsening Water Shortages Threaten China's Food Security» (10/4/01) «Wind
Power: The Missing Link in the Bush Energy Plan» (5/31/01) «Dust Bowl Threatening China's Future» (5/23/01) «Paving the Planet: Cars and Crops Competing for Land» (2/14/01) «Obesity Epidemic Threatens Health in Exercise - Deprived Societies» (12/19/00) «HIV Epidemic Restructuring Africa's Population» (10/31/00) «Fish Farming May Overtake Cattle Ranching As a Food Source» (10/3/00) «OPEC Has World Over a Barrel Again» (9/8/00) «Climate Change Has World Skating on Thin Ice» (8/29/00) «The Rise and Fall of the Global Climate Coalition» (7/25/00) «HIV Epidemic Undermining sub-Saharan Africa» (7/18/00) «Population Growth and Hydrological Poverty» (6/21/00) «U.S. Farmers Double Cropping Corn And Wind Energy» (6/7/00) «World Kicking the Cigarette Habit» (5/10/00) «Falling Water Tables in China» (5/2/00) Top of page
In May 2017 alone, the states of Gujarat, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh canceled thermal energy plants — that is, those
powered by coal — with a combined
capacity of nearly 14GW of
power.
With that amount being applied to the installation of Concentrating Solar Thermal
power stations of the trough type, this would build 60 gigawatts of generating
capacity by 2020 thereby replacing most of Australia's
coal powered infrastucture with indeffinite life solar thermal
power.
As just one indicator, China's 20 - percent renewables
by 2030 pledge means it will have to add about the same
capacity in zero - emissions
power as its
coal - fired plants produce today — and nearly as much
capacity as the entire US energy sector.
[3] Each state has interim targets it must meet beginning in 2020, and the EPA proposed that states use a combination of four «building blocks» to achieve the emissions reductions: (1) improving the efficiency (heat rate) of existing
coal - fired
power plants; (2) switching from
coal - fired
power by increasing the use and
capacity factor, or efficiency, of natural - gas combined - cycle
power plants; (3) using less carbon - intensive generating
power, such as renewable energy or nuclear
power; and (4) increasing demand - side energy - efficiency measures.
By 2015, the base will have a total planned annual
coal mining
capacity of 520 million tons and a planned
coal - fired
power generation
capacity of 48,000 megawatts.
EPA estimates
coal generation
capacity under the
Power Plan will decline to 174 - 183 GW
by 2030 (Regulatory Impact Assessment, Table 3 - 12).
Yet in that time, the net
capacity of wind energy has not increased
by the output of just one
coal - fired
power station, many of which are now closed thanks to... yes, you've guessed it... Legislation.
Many of the plants are in China, but
by capacity, roughly a fifth of these new
coal power stations are in other countries.
For example, additional
capacity beyond existing plants is only required
by 2020 if
power generation growth exceeds 4 % year and
coal plants are run at utilisation rate of 45 % or less.
LONDON, November 28, 2016 — China risks wasting $ 490 billion on new
coal plants that will be unneeded as structural changes to its economy, increased non-
coal capacity targets,
power sector reforms and carbon pricing slashes
coal - fired generation, analysis
by the Carbon Tracker Initiative finds on Monday.
note 2;
coal - fired
power plant equivalents calculated
by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt
capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year.
«Wind and solar's «
capacity factor» or availability to supply
power is around 33 %, which means 67 % of the time wind and solar can not supply
power and must be supplemented
by a traditional energy source such as nuclear, natural gas or
coal.
Fluvanna pushed total wind
power capacity in the state to more than 20,000 megawatts, while
coal capacity stands at 19,800 megawatts and is slated to fall to 14,700 megawatts
by the end of 2018 thanks to planned
coal powerplant closures.
Projected retirements of
coal - fired generating
capacity in the AEO2014 include retirements above and beyond those reported to EIA as planned
by power plant owners and operators.
Since 2000, the EU has added a net 84,000 megawatts of wind while reducing
coal and nuclear
power capacity by a net 10,000 and 14,000 megawatts, respectively.
Wind
power is 42 % more expensive than nuclear and natural gas
power... Wind and solar's» «
capacity factor» or availability to supply
power is around 33 %, which means 67 % of the time wind and solar can not supply
power and must be supplemented
by a traditional energy source such as nuclear, natural gas or
coal.»
Short term projections have new Wind farm
capacity increasing
by +20 GW per year only being able to replace maybe 2 x 5 GWe
Coal Fired
power stations per year.
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Information Administration (EIA), Crude Oil Production, electronic database, at tonto.eia.doe.gov, updated 28 July 2008; American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), «Installed U.S. Wind
Power Capacity Surged 45 % in 2007: American Wind Energy Association Market Report,» press release (Washington, DC: 17 January 2008); AWEA, U.S. Wind Energy Projects, electronic database, at www.awea.org/projects, updated 31 March 2009; future capacity calculated from Emerging Energy Research (EER), «US Wind Markets Surge to New Heights,» press release (Cambridge, MA: 14 August 2008); coal - fired power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 February
Power Capacity Surged 45 % in 2007: American Wind Energy Association Market Report,» press release (Washington, DC: 17 January 2008); AWEA, U.S. Wind Energy Projects, electronic database, at www.awea.org/projects, updated 31 March 2009; future capacity calculated from Emerging Energy Research (EER), «US Wind Markets Surge to New Heights,» press release (Cambridge, MA: 14 August 2008); coal - fired power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 Februa
Capacity Surged 45 % in 2007: American Wind Energy Association Market Report,» press release (Washington, DC: 17 January 2008); AWEA, U.S. Wind Energy Projects, electronic database, at www.awea.org/projects, updated 31 March 2009; future
capacity calculated from Emerging Energy Research (EER), «US Wind Markets Surge to New Heights,» press release (Cambridge, MA: 14 August 2008); coal - fired power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 Februa
capacity calculated from Emerging Energy Research (EER), «US Wind Markets Surge to New Heights,» press release (Cambridge, MA: 14 August 2008);
coal - fired
power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 February
power plant equivalents calculated
by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt
capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 Februa
capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with
capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 Februa
capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL),
Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 February
Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 February 2009.