Not exact matches
And second, competition will also be coming from China's own shale
reserves,
not to mention
coal, which is the prime power - generating source gas producers aim to displace.
The numbers aren't perfect — they don't fully reflect the recent surge in unconventional energy sources like shale gas, and they don't accurately reflect
coal reserves, which are subject to less stringent reporting requirements than oil and gas.
The key claim is that most alleged
coal reserves can
not be profitably recovered under existing or potential technologies.
Coal and oil, though large
reserves remain, are still finite and will
not meet demand given a sufficient expansion of our economies over time.
More important though — as Dr. Hansen, NASA's chief climate scientist, has stated, we can
not solve global warming if we burn all of the remaining
reserves of
coal.
Coal mining and burning will stop one day due to the quality of the
reserves,
not the size ie when there is no longer a $ profit or energy gain.
We really can
not be blamed for nature giving us 100 to 1000 years worth of
coal, depending on how much dirt we are willing to scrape off these
reserves.
While all such forecasts are implicitly uncertain, this one helps clarify where to focus efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions; reinforces the importance of resolving questions about how to safely expand, while
not stopping, extraction of vast domestic
reserves of natural gas; and powerfully challenges proponents of accelerated deployment of today's menu of renewable energy technologies or nuclear power plants to lay out a credible strategy for supplanting
coal.
It's
not surprising that India, despite big domestic
coal reserves, is shopping in the United States for new
coal sources to feed its climb toward electrification, industrialization, and prosperity.
Even after decades of increasingly dire warnings, the US has still
not passed comprehensive federal legislation to combat global warming; Canada has abandoned past pledges in order to exploit its emissions - heavy tar sands; China continues to depend on
coal for its energy production; Indonesia's effort to stem widespread deforestation is facing stiff resistance from industry; Europe is mulling pulling back on its more ambitious cuts if other nations do
not join it; northern nations are scrambling to exploit the melting Arctic for untapped oil and gas
reserves; and fossil fuels continue to be subsidized worldwide to the tune of $ 400 billion.
Shareholder action can be an effective tool to make small reforms at a company — such as pressuring Apple to institute better labour practices at the factories it works with in China — but it won't achieve the fundamental changes to the business model of the fossil fuel industry needed: keeping their
coal, oil and gas
reserves in the ground.
Lignite and other low - rank
coals make up half the world's
coal reserves, but
not many American power plants use them.
If we do
not begin implementing new energy sources now, what is going to happen to our society when we have exhausted every last
coal reserve?
Between 60 - 80 % of
coal, oil and gas
reserves of publicly listed companies are «unburnable» if the world is to have a chance of
not exceeding global warming of 2 °C
That has a clear implication for our fossil fuel consumption, meaning that humans can
not burn all of the
coal, oil and gas
reserves that countries and companies possess.
The report argues that «60 - 80 % of
coal, oil and gas
reserves of publicly listed companies are «unburnable» if the world is to have a chance of
not exceeding global warming of 2 °C.»
Estimated Recoverable
Reserves (coal): An estimate of coal reserves, based on a demonstrated reserve base, adjusted for assumed accessibility and recovery factors, and does not include any specific economic feasibility c
Reserves (
coal): An estimate of
coal reserves, based on a demonstrated reserve base, adjusted for assumed accessibility and recovery factors, and does not include any specific economic feasibility c
reserves, based on a demonstrated
reserve base, adjusted for assumed accessibility and recovery factors, and does
not include any specific economic feasibility criteria.
To me the characterization of reports and presentations as «myths» that challenge the continued investment in high risk energy sources and designated so by someone with their feet firmly planted in oil and
coal reserves, is
not respectful disagreement but propaganda and a contributing factor in the stalling of «the drive to clean up the world's energy system.»
It is a basic factor with water, air, and earth Unlike air, earth, and water which are regenerated, non-renewable
coal, gas and oil are taken from Nature's larder without possibility of renewal The world
reserves are undoubtedly very large but the fact remains that they are a once and for all endowment which can
not be increased ut only diminished.
Per memory (and you are much closer) most British
coal mines were operating at a loss in 1984, so what they were producing was
not economic
reserves.
Without a proper bottom up analysis of what is left in the ground, this decline means very little IMO - but as I said above I don't know the answer to UK
coal reserves.
Not economical NOW so the
coal below Betteshanger is no longer counted as
reserves even though it is still there.
The latest estimate by the WEC (cited above) lists
not only today's «proven
reserves», but also the «inferred possible total resource in place» for oil, gas and
coal.
I'm personally worried about
coal prices spiking alongside oil like in 2008, but EIA estimates about 120 years worth or
reserves which do
not have the same recovery problems relating to oil.
The World Energy Council published a report in 2010, which summarized
not only the proven
reserves of all fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and
coal), but also gave estimates for the «inferred possible total resources in place» for these fossil fuels.
Just because we have centuries of fossil fuels in
reserve, with thorium etc in the works, doesn't mean we should waste one precious nugget of
coal.
The study notes that current global
reserves of
coal, oil and gas equate to the release of nearly 3 trillion tonnes of CO2 when used and based on this draws the conclusion that two thirds of this can
not be consumed if a global budget were in place that limits emissions to 1.1 trillion tonnes of CO2 for the period 2011 to 2050.
He also pointed out that they will
not join in unless economically viable (i.e. inexpensive) solutions are found to get away from
coal, which both nations have large
reserves of.
That's because U.S.
coal companies including Peabody Energy Corp. won't be looking to secure new
reserves of the fossil fuel on federal land for years, especially as mining slows amid the sector's worst downturn in generations.
In this first look at the reporting landscape of fossil fuel
reserves, it is apparent extractive companies do
not present the full picture of risks that some
coal, oil and gas
reserves may
not be combusted.
John, harvesting methane gas and from biosolids and converting it into clean energy fuel is
not new, but today it has been reported that Australia's abundant methane gas
reserves found in
coal seams could help power the world.
Victories were seen on four continents: in Bolivia a draconian response to protestors embarrassed the government, causing them to drop plans to build a road through Tipnis, an indigenous Amazonian
reserve; in Myanmar, a nation
not known for bowing to public demands, large protests pushed the government to cancel a massive Chinese hydroelectric project; in Borneo a three - year struggle to stop the construction of a
coal plant on the coast of the Coral Triangle ended in victory for activists; in Britain plans to privatize forests created such a public outcry that the government
not only pulled back but also apologized; and in the U.S. civil disobedience and massive marches pressured the Obama Administration to delay a decision on the controversial Keystone XL pipeline, which would bring tar sands from Canada to a global market.
When we talk about «proof» we're
not talking about smoke and mirrors «modelling» based on long - term average wind farm output — which ignores the extra gas and
coal being burnt (and wasted) in order to balance the grid to account for wild fluctuations in wind power output (see our post here); and to maintain additional «spinning
reserve» (see our post here) to account for complete collapses in wind power output — as seen in this post.
Closure of
coal - fired power plants hasn't affected
reserve margins since new capacity from new natural gas plants is also being built.
Here's how this could happen: Without Renewable Alternatives, Liquid
Coal Could Win the Day As world oil reserves begin critically depleting and the necessary investments aren't made to electrify the world's transportation fleet and a larger switch to renewable energy made, then it is likely that use of coal - to - liquids fuels (which have 40 % higher emissions than oil) will r
Coal Could Win the Day As world oil
reserves begin critically depleting and the necessary investments aren't made to electrify the world's transportation fleet and a larger switch to renewable energy made, then it is likely that use of
coal - to - liquids fuels (which have 40 % higher emissions than oil) will r
coal - to - liquids fuels (which have 40 % higher emissions than oil) will rise.
After all, while he attempts to interfere with progress by making such statements, our entire energy infrastructure is crumbling, our natural gas supplies continue to dwindle, we don't have nearly enough engineers and skilled labor to expand nuclear development the way they claim we can, and our decision - makers (until very recently) have been under the false assumption that we have 250 years worth of
coal reserves.
Vast quantities of
coal — proven to exist — remain in the ground — but
not included on the
reserve tally because they are
not economically recoverable at current prices — in part due to the availability of oil and natural gas.
It may well turn out that
not all of the
coal reserves are sufficiently extractable to be economically profitable, but to ensure that, we should try to make alternative energy sources as cost competitive as possible.
Oh and we have more than a century of natural gas left, quite a bit of
coal and we have
not reached our total peak oil
reserves as of yet either... Sceintific American has a recent issue discussing all of that though.
Coal reserves, unlike gas and oil
reserves, have
not increased over the past several decades.
It does so by going beyond the now classic Carbon Tracker analysis (the foundation of McKibben's 2012 article), updating it by focusing
not on the entire body of fossil - fuel
reserves, but on the smaller set (roughly 30 % of the «proven»
reserves) of
reserves that have already been «developed» — the «oil fields, gas fields, and
coal mines that are already in operation or under construction.»
If you compare this «climate limit» of 2.05 GtCeq with the various
reserve estimates, you find that even with the most conservative fossil fuel
reserve estimates, we can just afford to burn all the oil and gas that's there but only if we do
not burn a single gram of
coal at the same time.
Other considerations, particularly those regarding the composition of
coal reserves and of
coal production, are of equal, if
not more, importance.
In the end, we should
not be surprised to learn that only a small fraction of previously estimated
coal reserves will ever be economically recoverable.
Despite major improvements in
coal mining technology over the past half century, world
coal reserves have
not increased by significant amounts.
You'd have to make an unrealistic assumption about extractable
coal reserves (plus shale to oil, tar sands etc.) to believe that we don't have enough fossil fuels to really wreck the Earth's climate.
The alternative, of course, is one in which «the markets decide» that, one way or another, most known economic
reserves of fossil fuels will never be burned, and then proceed to rapidly,
not to say catastrophically, reprice
coal and oils stocks.
«Keep it in the Ground» has been a rallying cry for groups working to fight climate change, after researchers calculated that at least a third of known oil
reserves, half of gas
reserves and 80 percent of
coal reserves should
not be burned to prevent an average global temperature increase of more than 2 degrees Celsius.
Not a single fossil fuel company in the world discloses potential emissions from their
reserves of oil, gas and
coal — and that is a big problem.
Industrial carbon producers have done all this
not only to be able to exploit existing
reserves of oil, gas, and
coal, but also to develop new ones.