Sentences with phrase «coarse resolution»

Changes in the distribution and species composition are already evident, but existing climate change projections are based on warming scenarios from coarse resolution models.

Previous studies in the field have used a relatively coarse resolution in their computer simulations, without the possibility of incorporating a detailed level of vegetation dynamics.

Global vegetation cover changes from coarse resolution satellite data.

That telescope surveyed around six percent of the sky, but with relatively coarse resolution.

The results presented in the paper identify the shortcomings of the model at coarser resolutions which need to be addressed when attempting to represent such overflows realistically in large scale climate and ocean models.

The climate change impacts community has long bemoaned the inadequate spatial scale of climate scenarios produced from coarse resolution GCM output (Gates, 1985; Lamb, 1987; Robinson and Finkelstein, 1989; Smith and Tirpak, 1989; Cohen, 1990).

Eddy parameterization for coarse resolution ocean circulation models.

At best we are working a) in the realm of probabilities and tendencies (a point you make about impacts in Africa), which is not unlike other analytical challenges that the security and intelligence communities face, albeit one steeped in a lot more uncertainty; and b) in the realm of very coarse resolution, which is a huge problem.

In the idealized aquaplanet setting, where the simulated climate should be zonally symmetric, their results showed that by introducing a high - resolution region in the tropics embedded in a global or very large domain with coarse resolution elsewhere produces zonal asymmetry in the simulated climate.

This dissatisfaction emanates from the perceived mismatch of scale between coarse resolution GCMs (hundreds of kilometres) and the scale of interest for regional impacts (an order or two orders of magnitude finer scale)(Hostetler, 1994; IPCC, 1994).

Previous maps were of much coarser resolution and yielded wildly different estimates of both regional totals and spatial distribution.

The second part of the dissertation analyzes dust emission in an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), where realistic simulation is inhibited by the model's coarse resolution compared to the scale of the circulations observed to mobilize dust.

The observed differences between their study and our assessment can further result from variations in the base data employed: Jongman et al. [73] used a finer resolution SRTM grid at 3 arc sec resolution but coarser resolution population density data at 5 arc min resolution and, as mentioned earlier, an older version of the UN's demographic data.

Dubovikov, M.S., and V.M. Canuto, 2006: Complete Eulerian - mean tracer equation for coarse resolution OGCMs.

With respect to hurricane intensity, there are observed trends indicating this and model results predicting this, and while there are problems in each (data problems with hurricanes, coarse resolution in global models, etc.), theoretical arguments also make clear that there will be more energy and water vapor available in the atmosphere to cause more intense hurricanes, so a very strong case can be made for this happening.

«Our finding that convective features change drastically at resolutions of 2 kilometers or more opens up new avenues for research into the interactions between convection and global atmospheric circulation that would have been invisible at coarser resolutions.»

At very coarse resolutions the z - coordinate model generates excessive spurious mixing, and dense water has difficulty descending the slope.

But there, challenges also arise, as models that simulate changing climate at a global scale do so at relatively coarse resolution, of around hundreds of kilometers, while hurricanes require resolutions of a few kilometers.

Recently, high resolution gridded baseline climatologies have been developed with which coarse resolution GCM results have been combined (e.g., Saarikko and Carter, 1996; Kittel et al., 1997).

Previous studies tend to underestimate such connections as simulated land - atmosphere interaction is also resolution - dependent, which means that the signals for changes in small - scale land use are likely to be much weaker in a coarse resolution model,» says Minchao Wu.

The model bias, known as the «Gulf Stream separation problem,» is a result of the models» coarse resolution.

The global climate models assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which are used to project global and regional climate change, are coarse resolution models based on a roughly 100 - kilometer or 62 - mile grid, to simulate ocean and atmospheric dynamics.

For much of the global ocean the coarser resolution is okay, but when you are studying a unique location like the Gulf of Maine, with its complex bathymetry of deep basins, channels, and shallow banks combined with its location near the intersection of two major ocean current systems, the output from the coarser models can be misleading.»

The final two simulations had a coarse resolution over most of the globe, with a finer - resolution focus over a particular area (North America in one case and South America in the other).

The tool we have built allows access to projections that have coarse resolution (1 degree by 1 degree) and for long periods of time (decades).

The first simulation had a coarse resolution around the globe (a grid with 120 - kilometer cells covering the Earth); the second had fine resolution around the globe (30 - kilometer grid cells).

Global aerosol models are similar to regional aerosol models, but with a coarser resolution, a broader geographic area, and a longer time span.

In other areas, the coarse resolution of the input data used to determine land availability meant that some forested areas had been misidentified as grassland or cropland.

But then the effective heat capacity, the surface temperature, depends on the rate of mixing of the ocean water and I have presented evidence from a number of different ways that models tend to be too diffusive because of numerical reasons and coarse resolution and wave parameter rise, motions in the ocean.

There is a fundamental limitation to RCMs, as they are constrained by the coarse resolution boundary conditions provided by the GCMs (which tend to favour a more El Nino like state on average).

It uses a model that is coarse resolution and which does not have a very good climate simulation.

The high resolution time - slice technique is also dependent on the sea surface temperature simulated by a coarser resolution AOGCM.

The aim of increasing resolution in AGCMs is generally to improve the simulation of surface climatology compared to coarser resolution models (Cubash et al., 1995).

Because most AOGCMs have coarse resolution and large - scale systematic errors, and extreme events tend to be short lived and have smaller spatial scales, it is somewhat surprising how well the models simulate the statistics of extreme events in the current climate, including the trends during the 20th century (see Chapter 9 for more detail).

Moreover, the coarse resolution of NWP models limits the interpretation and the description of the atmospheric surface features.

However, various «big brother» type experiments (in which the ability of RCMs to reproduce a filtered signal provided by the boundary conditions (Denis et al, 2002), for instance carried out by colleagues at KNMI) do show that a high resolution regional model can add value to a coarse resolution boundary condition by improving the spatial structure of the projected mean temperatures.

The results from these models must still be treated with caution as they can not capture the full complexity of these structures, due in part to the coarse resolution in both the atmosphere and oceans of the majority of the models used (Chapter 8).

Sea ice in the 1984 image has a blockier appearance because that sensor had coarser resolution.

Given the coarse resolution of global climate models, downscaling techniques are often needed to generate finer scale projections of variables affected by local - scale processes such as precipitation.