Sentences with phrase «coastal ecosystems where»

This new concept of anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH formulated here accommodates the broad range of mechanisms involved in the anthropogenic forcing of pH in coastal ecosystems, including changes in land use, nutrient inputs, ecosystem structure and net metabolism, and emissions of gases to the atmosphere affecting the carbon system and associated pH. The new paradigm is applicable across marine systems, from open - ocean and ocean - dominated coastal systems, where OA by anthropogenic CO2 is the dominant mechanism of anthropogenic impacts on marine pH, to coastal ecosystems where a range of natural and anthropogenic processes may operate to affect pH.

Hence, paradoxically, we lack guidance on the future trajectories of pH in coastal ecosystems where some of the most vulnerable taxa to OA live (e.g. Doney et al. 2010; Hendriks et al. 2010a; Kroeker et al. 2010).

Not exact matches

Topsoil and natural vegetation would ordinarily filter many of these pollutants out, but the impermeable pavement that covers much of the surface where these pollutants originate carries it right into storm drains and into streams, rivers, lakes and the ocean where it can poison marine life — which we might eat — as well as entire riparian or coastal ecosystems.

They then focused on the small wedges of coastal land, sandwiched between river drainages, where groundwater drains directly into the fragile ecosystems near shore.

These environments, along with other forms of coastal ecosystems such as tidal marshes and sea grasses, have been given the name «blue carbon» to differentiate them from the «green» carbon of other forests, where carbon is absorbed above ground in trees.

An initial high - resolution study shows that off Peru the ocean layer called «oxygen minimum» where life is limited is sensitive to the intensity of the seasonal current from the equator that brings water containing little oxygen to the coastal ecosystem.

In the meantime, they have their fingers crossed that the dispersant at least prevents the oil from washing ashore, where it mucks up delicate coastal ecosystems.

Superstorm Sandy in 2012 was a disaster for the places where humans live, but not for natural coastal ecosystems.

Invasive plant species can be a source of valuable ecosystem functions where native coastal habitats such as salt marshes and oyster reefs have severely declined, a new study by scientists at Duke University and the University of North Carolina - Wilmington finds.

Scott has recently taken up an adjunct research position at the Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University where he is currently: (i) investigating the importance of enhanced larval survival and strong «local» reef interconnectedness as a triggering agent for primary outbreaks of crown ‐ of ‐ thorns starfish on the central GBR, and (ii) assessing potential improvements in the health of coastal seagrass and dependent dugong populations due to targeted reductions in fine sediment loads from the GBR catchment.

The journey takes Weidensaul to the coastal communities of Newfoundland, where he examines the devastating impact of the Atlantic cod fishery's collapse on the ecosystem; to Florida, where he charts the virtual extinction of the great wading bird colonies that Peterson and Fisher once documented; to the Mexican tropics of Xilitla, which have become a growing center of ecotourism since Fisher and Peterson's exposition.

In Cannon Beach, the Pacific Northwest coastal rainforest meets the ocean, where vibrant natural ecosystems offer special experiences for hikers, photographers, wildlife lovers, bird watchers and even casual sightseers.

Parties are encouraged, where possible, to reduce anthropogenic emissions and enhance removals from terrestrial, coastal, and marine ecosystems, ensuring synergies with other environmental objectives.

Where river discharges decrease seasonally, negative impacts on both freshwater ecosystems and coastal marine ecosystems can be expected.

These concern damages to coastal infrastructure and low - lying ecosystems from continuing sea level rise, where damages would be widespread if sea level turns out to be at the upper end of current scenarios; and, threats to agricultural production in both far south - eastern and far south - western Australia, which would affect ecosystems and rural communities severely at the dry end of projected rainfall changes.

Whereas these effects on open - ocean pH are calculated to be minor, they can be higher, at rates of 0.02 — 0.12 × 10 − 3 pH units per year (< 10 % of OA by anthropogenic CO2), in coastal ecosystems (Doney et al. 2007), where atmospheric deposition is intense and the waters can be more weakly buffered.

Hence, we conclude that OA from anthropogenic CO2 is, to date, a relatively minor component of pH fluctuations in many coastal ecosystems, where enhanced primary production or respiration is often the primary driver.

However, the conditions predicted for the open ocean may not reflect the future conditions in the coastal zone, where many of these organisms live (Hendriks et al. 2010a, b; Hofmann et al. 2011; Kelly and Hofmann 2012), and results derived from changes in pH in coastal ecosystems often include processes other than OA, such as emissions from volcanic vents, eutrophication, upwelling and long - term changes in the geological cycle of CO2, which commonly involve simultaneous changes in other key factors affecting the performance of calcifiers, thereby confounding the response expected from OA by anthropogenic CO2 alone.

We propose here a new paradigm of anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH. This new paradigm provides a canonical approach towards integrating the multiple components of anthropogenic forcing that lead to changes in coastal pH. We believe that this paradigm, whilst accommodating that of OA by anthropogenic CO2, avoids the limitations the current OA paradigm faces to account for the dynamics of coastal ecosystems, where some ecosystems are not showing any acidification or basification trend whilst others show a much steeper acidification than expected for reasons entirely different from anthropogenic CO2 emissions.