Sentences with phrase «coastal infrastructures such»

Not exact matches

The researcher team agreed that including extreme sea levels into coastal impact studies is imperative in helping vulnerable parts of the world effectively protect themselves by adapting through new or upgraded infrastructure such as dikes, pumping systems, barriers, or other tools like new building codes or flood zoning that prevents new infrastructure from being built in high - risk areas.

In addition to flooding infrastructure due to sea level rise, coastal cities are vulnerable to damage from storm surge, wave action, and / or inundation of their transportation infrastructure such as roadways, ports, bridges, rail, tunnels, shipyards, and navigational aids.

Some of the resiliency measures looked at by New York, which other coastal communities can consider, include floodwalls, levee systems, relocation of critical building infrastructure such as electrical equipment and wetland replenishment.

And a lack of coastal infrastructure, such as deepwater ports, means that spills of the heavy fuel oil that powers most vessels could wreak havoc on both ecosystems and reputations, because clean - up missions would have to set out from much farther away and would take much longer to be effective.

Mid-latitude islands, such as islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and off the coast of Newfoundland (St. Pierre et Miquelon), are exposed to impacts from tropical, post-tropical, and extra-tropical storms that can produce storm - surge flooding, large waves, coastal erosion, and (in some winter storms) direct sea ice damage to infrastructure and property.

Such measures can range from «working with nature» (e.g., placing a greater emphasis on coastal resource management, or protecting mangrove and natural reef ecosystems), to a concerted «climate - proofing» of infrastructure, including storm - drainage systems, water supply and treatment plants, as well as protection or relocation of energy or solid waste management facilities.

For example, as a result of ice melting on land, such as from glaciers and ice sheets, as well as thermal expansion of the ocean, we have seen sea level rise 3.4 millimeters per year from 1993 - 2015, which puts coastal communities at risk of flooding and infrastructure damage.

By prohibiting the development of any new fossil fuel infrastructure necessary to serve new leases, such as pipelines, in all coastal lands under the authority of the State Lands Commission, our state can stop this dangerous plan.

Local governments and actors may face difficulties in identifying the most suitable and efficient approaches because of the diversity of possible approaches, from infrastructure development to «softer» approaches such as integrated watershed and coastal zone management.

Developing countries are often more sensitive to climate risks, such as drought or coastal flooding, because of their greater economic reliance on climate ‐ sensitive primary activities, and because of inadequate infrastructure, finance, and other enablers of successful adaptation and mitigation.

Adaptations employ a diverse portfolio of planning and practices that combine subsets of • Infrastructure and asset development • Technological process optimization • Institutional and behavioral change or reinforcement • Integrated natural resources management (such as for watersheds and coastal zones) • Financial services, including risk transfer • Information systems to support early warning and proactive planning Although approaches vary according to context and the level of government, there are two general approaches observed in adaptation planning and implementation to date: top - down and bottom - up.

For example, salt marshes, reefs, mangrove forests, and barrier islands defend coastal ecosystems and infrastructure, such as roads and buildings, against storm surges.

With the late - summer ice edge located farther north than it used to be, storms produce larger waves and more coastal erosion.5 An additional contributing factor is that coastal bluffs that were «cemented» by ice - rich permafrost are beginning to thaw in response to warmer air and ocean waters, and are therefore more vulnerable to erosion.22 Standard defensive adaptation strategies to protect coastal communities from erosion, such as use of rock walls, sandbags, and riprap, have been largely unsuccessful.23 Several coastal communities are seeking to relocate to escape erosion that threatens infrastructure and services but, because of high costs and policy constraints on use of federal funds for community relocation, only one Alaskan village has begun to relocate (see also Ch.

For example, rising sea level increases the likelihood that a storm surge will overtop a levee or damage other coastal infrastructure, such as coastal roads, sewage treatment plants, or gas lines — all with potentially large, expensive, and immediate consequences (Nordhaus, 2010).