The relative coldness of the land around 1885 to 1895 comes from the Northern Hemisphere continental interiors, particularly in winter, as global
coastal land air temperature and adjacent SST anomalies agree well at this time (Parker et al., 1995), confirmed by the Jones et al. (2001) data.
Lansner and Pepke Pedersen (2018) point out that, due to the divergent rates of warming and cooling for
land vs. ocean water, there is a significant difference in the range of
temperature for the regions of the world influenced by their close proximity to oceans and
coastal wind currents (ocean
air affected, or OAA) and the inland regions of the world that are unaffected by ocean
air effects and
coastal wind because they are sheltered by hills and mountains or located in valleys (ocean
air sheltered, or OAS).