For example,
coastal stations in Greenland are cooling and average summer air temperatures at the summit of the Greenland Ice Sheet have decreased by 4 degrees Fahrenheit per decade since measurements began in 1987.
Even if we accept the idea
coastal stations in the BEST network are biased to include ones with warming trends instead of non-warming trends, it doesn't follow from that that the global record must be significantly affected.
Not exact matches
At least 60 people were killed when gunmen attacked hotels and the police
station in the
coastal town, and then went on to carry out further assaults
in nearby villages.
It has come to my notice and indeed the notice of most Ghanaians that about 200 trucks of premix fuel meant to power fishing boats
in our
coastal areas have been diverted to pump
stations in the country and sold to unsuspecting motorists.
Cleaner shrimp (Urocaridella antonbruunii) live at «cleaning
stations»
in small caves or crevices
in Australian
coastal reefs.
«This study is a major step forward
in understanding marine life
in the
coastal region near Syowa
Station,» says Dr. Keiichi Kakui, «The Flabegraviera genus, to which the three species belong, is unique to the Antarctic and considered a good example for studying how polychaetes adapt to extreme environments.»
McMurdo
Station (77 ° 51»S, 166 ° 40 «E), the main U.S. station in Antarctica, is a coastal station at the southern tip of Ross Island, about 3,864 km (2,415 miles) south of Christchurch, New Zealand, and 1,360 km (850 miles) north of the Sout
Station (77 ° 51»S, 166 ° 40 «E), the main U.S.
station in Antarctica, is a coastal station at the southern tip of Ross Island, about 3,864 km (2,415 miles) south of Christchurch, New Zealand, and 1,360 km (850 miles) north of the Sout
station in Antarctica, is a
coastal station at the southern tip of Ross Island, about 3,864 km (2,415 miles) south of Christchurch, New Zealand, and 1,360 km (850 miles) north of the Sout
station at the southern tip of Ross Island, about 3,864 km (2,415 miles) south of Christchurch, New Zealand, and 1,360 km (850 miles) north of the South Pole.
A woman working the redeye shift at a gas
station in a small
coastal town
in Maine, must flee a Tsunami
in the middle of the night with two strangers.
Some of the best spots to take a break and check out some highlights include: visiting Point Reyes National Seashore and close by Point Reyes
Station, the Russian fort
in Sonoma called Fort Ross, the gorgeous
coastal tidepools at Point Arena and then to the lovely historic town of Mendocino city and even just a little north to Fort Bragg and the cool glass sand beach.
The island's stands of giant coreopsis, as well as all the other plants of its
coastal bluff community, were devastated by sheep grazing
in the late 1800s and early 1900s, rabbit browsing
in 1910 - 1950s, and by large - scale destruction of native vegetation associated with facility and road development by the U.S. Coast Guard during construction and manning of the Anacapa Light
Station.
And, for a truly unique experience, book a stay
in one of the Point Arena Light
Station historic keeper's homes, especially if it's a stormy
coastal night.
«For a truly unique experience, book a stay
in one of the Point Arena Light
Station historic keeper's homes, especially if it's a stormy
coastal night.»
Make a round trip up to Mt Best through picturesque hilly countryside, 6ks past Mt Best is Mt Fatigue the 360 degree views takes
in Corner Inlet, Wilsons Promontory, the hill country and
coastal areas and the cooling towers of the Latrobe Valley power
stations can be seen on a clear day.
Stay
in the historic Klipsan Beach Life Saving
Station (later known as the # 309 Coast Guard
Station) and enjoy a
coastal vacation!
To maintain
in perpetuity, the historic Point Arena Light
Station — including the 23
coastal acres it encompasses, its 115 ft. Lighthouse Tower and its 1896 Fog Signal Building — for the inspiration, education and the enjoyment of all generations to come.
Lê's latest ongoing body of work, Events Ashore, comprises color photographs shot
in various
coastal and oceanic locations around the world (West Africa, Japan, Vietnam, Kuwait, Antarctica) where the U.S. Marines and Navy are strategically
stationed to train for and deploy
in current and potential conflicts.
Since leaving NWS, I created plots for annual mean temperature plots at 19
stations in Alaska (about half inland and half near
coastal waters / ice).
Seas are projected to rise between 3.7 and 6.1 feet over the course of this century
in the area of Naval
Station Mayport, which includes the
coastal city of Jacksonville.
Note: Minima are affected by relocation of temperature ground
stations in all five large
coastal locations during the 20th century, with consequent falls
in recorded overnight minima due to greater distance from the ocean and removal of the urban heat influence.
Generally
in an onshore wind - regime, coasts will have greater sunshine than inland
stations (convection / stratification of cloud due higher temp) and sea - breeze affects tending to clear
coastal cloud
in summer.
So the warmer SST's
in the 20 - 50's era would have impacted
coastal affected
stations preferentially over sheltered ones with temperature more directly correlated to SST's.
When sea ice covers the
coastal water
in early spring, it prevents the spring bloom from starting too early, when it could be disrupted by storms, explained Jeff Bowman, a marine biologist from Lamont who is currently working at Palmer
Station.
NMAT is corrected,
in part by comparing to
coastal land
stations, SST is corrected to conform to NMAT, then SST drives a model to recreate air temps... I think this fails as an independent test.
I know that around the US there are
coastal moorings and
stations in river mouths and harbours which report water surface temperatures that aren't comparable to nearby open ocean temperature measurements used
in SST datasets.
In contrast, meteorological data collected from three nearby
coastal stations (Brevoort Island, Cape Dyer, and Resolution Island) between 1950 and 1992 indicated that the mean minimum and maximum air temperatures for the month of April are normally 10 - 20 °C cooler than the averages we recorded at our camp.
What I find most interesting is how few
stations there are (at least
in the NCDC GSoD) that aren't on the
coastal regions north of 60 Lat.
Over East Antarctica, most of the reconstructions and the
station data are
in agreement, showing near - zero trends for
coastal East Antarctica and some positive trends inland, around Vostok and the South Pole.
The AVHRR data and STEIGv1 show (statistically insignificant) warming over
coastal East Antarctica,
in disagreement with the
station data and the other reconstructions.
Weakly significant annual trends (p < 0.10) of about +1 K / decade are found at three
stations in interior and
coastal East Antarctica since 1992.
In addition, land stations are allowed to provide temperature estimates for ocean cells where no sea surface temperature is available - in practice, this means that coastal stations around the Arctic provide temperature readings for the pol
In addition, land
stations are allowed to provide temperature estimates for ocean cells where no sea surface temperature is available -
in practice, this means that coastal stations around the Arctic provide temperature readings for the pol
in practice, this means that
coastal stations around the Arctic provide temperature readings for the pole.
This change is inconsistent with the change
in surface temperature: 15
coastal stations around Antarctica recorded an average warming of 0.028 degrees annually during 1959 - 88, i.e. three times the global average.
In addition, records from Russian
coastal stations show the extent and thickness of sea ice has varied greatly over 60 - to 80 - year periods during the last 125 years.
Abstract: Mean - sea - level data from
coastal tide gauges
in the north Indian Ocean wereare used to show that low - frequency variability is consistent among the
stations in the basin.
A similar problem persists today and to compensate for the sparsity of weather
stations in many inland regions, often with totally empty grid cells between them, the ACORN database applies a weighted average which proportionally multiplies their occurrence, at the same time dividing the occurrence of temperatures among more densely located
stations in populated regions mostly on the
coastal fringe.
For example, during the 1920s warming
in Greenland, at five
coastal weather
stations, the average annual temperature rose between 2 and 4 degrees Celsius [and by as much as 6 degrees Celsius
in winter]
in less than ten years.
The grey shading shows 95 % confidence interval of the seasonal cycle due to random shuffling of precipitation between
stations, confirming the difference
in coastal and inland characteristics.
As mentioned
in the previous article, restricting to land de-emphasises
coastal stations which generally warm less slowly.
When excluding cells that have ocean data that means that a
coastal station has its disc chopped
in half (roughly), and an island
station is almost entirely excluded.
So they used a statistical method to calculate the «offset», which is based on
stations a 1000 miles away
in a completely different setting (
coastal hills) and a different part of the continent.
For
stations in coastal Chile, the correlation is always positive and significant, as it is adjacent to the ocean, especially
in the months of rainfall (May to September), showing that high SSTs favour convection.
Locations of
coastal NOAA Weather Radio
stations are listed
in the
Station Listing and Coverage page.