Sentences with phrase «coastal zones where»

Living Estuaries Estuaries, the vital coastal zones where rivers and streams meet the oceans.

Not exact matches

Though relatively small in comparison to the open ocean, the coastal zones are where an extremely large amount of the carbon dioxide is exchanged between air and water.

The researchers compiled urban development, flood hazard and census data and overlaid it on a map of the U.S.. Although their analysis shows that Americans in general have become more aware of the risk of floods over the 10 - year study period, the researchers identified several U.S. hot spots where urban development has grown in coastal flood zones including New York City and Miami.

«However, combined effects of nutrient loading and climate change are greatly increasing the number and size of «dead zones» in the open ocean and coastal waters, where oxygen is too low to support most marine life.»

The eddies also supply nutrients to coastal zones and the surface ocean where plankton blooms may result.

For centuries Kenya was part of a coastal trading zone along the Indian Ocean where.

Such knowledge is important in a warming world where water column deoxygenation in the coastal zone is becoming more and more common.Link

Areas of the coastal ocean where oxygen is low or absent in bottom waters, so - called dead zones, are expanding worldwide (Diaz and Rosenberg, 2008).

And excess nitrogen fertilizer applied to the fields of feed corn grown to satisfy the world's livestock runs off into streams and rivers, sometimes flowing to coastal waters where it creates large algal blooms and low - oxygen «dead zones» where fish can not survive.

Sea - level changes are of special significance, not only for the low - lying atoll islands but for many high islands where settlements, infrastructure and facilities are concentrated in the coastal zone.

Dead zones are caused by several factors, particularly eutrophication where too many nutrients run off coastal cities and agricultural areas into rivers that carry these materials out to sea.

The coastal islands off the west of Ireland are known for ancient soil - building, where beach sand and seaweed were transported — sometimes miles — to allow agriculture in barren rocky zones.

However, the conditions predicted for the open ocean may not reflect the future conditions in the coastal zone, where many of these organisms live (Hendriks et al. 2010a, b; Hofmann et al. 2011; Kelly and Hofmann 2012), and results derived from changes in pH in coastal ecosystems often include processes other than OA, such as emissions from volcanic vents, eutrophication, upwelling and long - term changes in the geological cycle of CO2, which commonly involve simultaneous changes in other key factors affecting the performance of calcifiers, thereby confounding the response expected from OA by anthropogenic CO2 alone.

Calculations to resolve the anthropogenic component of CO2 are remarkably difficult for the coastal ocean, where the assumptions of the various methods (Sabine and Tanhua 2010) are not met, thereby precluding a direct calculation of the effect of anthropogenic CO2 on observed trends in coastal pH. Calculations based on mixing between an open - ocean end - member displaying the trajectories predicted from OA and the freshwater end - member are also unreliable because pH and the carbon system do not necessarily behave conservatively within the coastal zone and because the freshwater end - member may also shift into the future.

Such knowledge is important in a warming world where water column deoxygenation in the coastal zone is becoming more and more common.

The expected outputs range from integrating climate change risks into development planning and coastal zoning regulation to diversifying livelihoods to finding more secure sources of water in communities where saline intrusion is a problem (Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change through Coastal Afforestation).

Additionally, there is a designated coastal zone of varying width in which where all proposed development must be reviewed and approved by the California Coastal Commission.