Once bonded, the antibodies make
the cocaine molecules too large to slip through the tight blood - brain barrier.
In lab animals the vaccine prompted the immune system to produce antibodies custom - tailored to attach to
cocaine molecules.
The vaccine couples a piece of
the cocaine molecule to chemical carriers that slow its release into the bloodstream and make it large enough to be recognized.
Eventually Fox and her colleagues attached
a cocaine molecule to one piece of the deadly toxin produced by cholera bacteria.
Not exact matches
To confirm this same change in humans, researchers were able to identify similar changes in the mitochondrial fission
molecule in tissue collected from post mortem individuals who were
cocaine dependents.
In mice exposed repeatedly to
cocaine, UMSOM researchers identified an increase in a
molecule that plays a role in mitochondria division (or fission) in a reward region of the brain.
Their findings, published in the current issue of the British Journal of Pharmacology, reinforce long - held suspicions that the brain chemical serotonin, a
molecule typically associated with mood, appetite and libido, makes a direct contribution to the actions of
cocaine.
He developed an innovative microdialysis approach that allows the in vivo sampling of lipid signaling
molecules in the brain (including endocannabinoids) and has demonstrated that voluntary self - administration of ethanol, heroin, and
cocaine produces distinct drug - and region - specific changes in brain endocannabinoid levels.