All of these genes
code for transcription factors, which are proteins that control the expression of other genes.
Affected family members, the group found, had inherited one or two defective copies of ZIC3, a previously unknown gene that appears to
code for a transcription factor — a protein that switches other genes on or off.
When the chimp and human genomes are compared, some of the clearest cases of nucleotide differences are found in genes
coding for transcription factors.
Not exact matches
Transcription -
factor genes
code for proteins that regulate the activity of other genes and so affect an animal's ability to respond to its environment.
The gene
codes for a type of protein called a
transcription factor.
Naturally, every gene is not regulated by its own distinct
transcription factor; otherwise, a codebook of as many as 30,000 genes would require 30,000
transcription factors — and 30,000 more genes to
code for them.
In addition to looking at
transcription factors, researchers have studied the genes that
code for the enzymes responsible
for building up the plant's biomass.
The genes
for each
transcription factor were made from different bits of DNA that
code for the functional parts of proteins, such as a domain that can bind to DNA and another that provides the protein with access to the cell's nucleus.
Molecular cloning has demonstrated that dunce
codes for the enzyme, cAMP phosphodiesterase; rutabaga
codes for adenylyl cyclase; DCO
codes for the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A, and CREB a
transcription factor that is phosphorylated and activated by protein kinase A.
These 45 variants are significantly enriched
for protein -
coding changes (n = 13), direct disruption of
transcription -
factor binding sites (n = 3), and tissue - specific epigenetic marks (n = 10), with the last category showing enrichment in specific immune cells among associations stronger in Crohn's disease and in gut mucosa among associations stronger in ulcerative colitis.