Sentences with phrase «coding genes in our genome»

Estimates from the S. cerevisiae genome project indicate that there are roughly 5800 protein coding genes in the genome of this fungus (Dujon, 1996).

Not exact matches

The human genome contains some 20,000 - 25,000 protein - coding genes, which is surprisingly similar to the number of genes in worms and flies.

The results show — for the first time, Briggs thinks — that the bacterial genomes change with depth: the micro-organisms at 554 metres carry more mutations in genes that code for energy - related processes like cell division and biosynthesis of amino acids than are seen in their shallower counterparts.

Sequencing the genome of one such organism, King and her colleagues found genes that code for pieces of the same proteins used for the binding of cells and communication between cells in animals — functions that would be unexpected in such an organism.

The team integrated three, complementary gene sequencing approaches to look for mutations in tumor cells from SS patients: whole - genome sequencing in six subjects, sequencing of all protein - coding regions (exomes) in 66 subjects, and comparing variation in the number of copies of all genes across the genome in 80 subjects.

As another example of the value of the Amborella genome, Joshua Der at Penn State noted «We estimate that at least 14,000 protein - coding genes existed in the last common ancestor of all flowering plants.

This is a schematic highlighting the possible evolutionary transitions in protein - coding genes underlying the prokaryote - to - eukaryote transition in light of the Lokiarchaeum genome.

Pugh added that the implications of this research could represent one step towards solving the problem of «missing heritability» — a concept that describes how most traits, including many diseases, can not be accounted for by individual genes and seem to have their origins in regions of the genome that do not code for proteins.

PARIS — As scientists race to finish a rough draft of the human genome, a European consortium is about to launch an effort to pinpoint every key spot in our genetic code where cells turn genes on and off by adding a molecule called a methyl group.

TheCiona genome contains ∼ 16,000 protein - coding genes, similar to the number in other invertebrates, but only half that found in vertebrates.

The genome is just 69,200 bases long, the smallest known for chloroplasts, and contains 57 protein - coding genes, Keeling reports in the January Molecular Biology and Evolution.

Out of the roughly 10,000 protein - coding genes the researchers examined in the bottlenose dolphin genome, they identified 228 mutations that had swept through the population.

To address these challenges, we generated a uniform reannotation of the protein - coding genes for all avian genomes based on synteny in chicken and zebra finch (SM2).

The human genome — the sum total of hereditary information in a person — contains a lot more than the protein - coding genes teenagers learn about in school, a massive international project has found.

In search of an explanation, the scientists combed through the African elephant genome and found at least 40 copies of genes that code for p53, a protein well known for its cancer - inhibiting properties.

According to the report on the effort, which was published in the December 11 issue of Science, analysis of the worm's genome revealed 19,099 protein - coding genes — about one every 5,000 DNA bases — and 800 or so genes that have other functions.

When the chimp and human genomes are compared, some of the clearest cases of nucleotide differences are found in genes coding for transcription factors.

The three billion units of code furnished in the new tests will also dwarf the relative trickle of information provided by consumer gene - testing services such as 23andMe, which currently look (postnatally) only at perhaps about one million locations in the genome.

The Amur tiger genome was predicted to contain 20,226 protein - coding genes and 2,935 non-coding RNAs, and was enriched in olfactory receptor sensitivity, amino - acid transport, and metabolic - related genes, among others.

Using whole exome sequencing (a next generation test to analyze the exons or coding regions of thousands of genes simultaneously) conducted at the Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center, the researchers identified CLP1 mutations in two unrelated families with the disorder.

The team also carried out a so - called metagenomic analysis, in which the genomes from all organisms in a sample are sequenced collectively; the great majority of genes they found coded for proteins never seen before.

The group, led by genome scientist Yoshihide Hayashizaki, has developed techniques to count how frequently a gene is expressed — the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA, which in turn codes for a protein.

The third project will fully sequence the protein - coding regions of 1000 genes (5 % of the total) in about 1000 genomes.

Mouse - to - human genome comparisons have shown that, in addition to common genes, the two species share a surprising amount of DNA code that controls when and how these genes turn on or off.

The branch uniting the fungi and animals is well - supported based on a number of molecular phylogenetic datasets, including the nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (Wainwright et al., 1993; Bruns et al. 1993), unique and shared sequence insertions in proteins such as elongation factor 1α (Baldauf and Palmer, 1993), entire mitochondrial genomes (Lang et al., 2002), and concatenated protein - coding genes (Steenkamp et al., 2006).

Another interesting feature in their genomes is the abundance of transposable elements, «jumping genes» that can move to different parts of the genome to cause mutations or supply new elements to protein - coding genes.

In collaboration with a group of international colleagues, BTI researchers created a high - quality draft genome sequence of the whitefly and identified genes that code for proteins.

g (acceleration due to gravity) G (gravitational constant) G star G1.9 +0.3 gabbro Gabor, Dennis (1900 — 1979) Gabriel's Horn Gacrux (Gamma Crucis) gadolinium Gagarin, Yuri Alexeyevich (1934 — 1968) Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center GAIA Gaia Hypothesis galactic anticenter galactic bulge galactic center Galactic Club galactic coordinates galactic disk galactic empire galactic equator galactic habitable zone galactic halo galactic magnetic field galactic noise galactic plane galactic rotation galactose Galatea GALAXIES galaxy galaxy cannibalism galaxy classification galaxy formation galaxy interaction galaxy merger Galaxy, The Galaxy satellite series Gale Crater Galen (c. AD 129 — c. 216) galena GALEX (Galaxy Evolution Explorer) Galilean satellites Galilean telescope Galileo (Galilei, Galileo)(1564 — 1642) Galileo (spacecraft) Galileo Europa Mission (GEM) Galileo satellite navigation system gall gall bladder Galle, Johann Gottfried (1812 — 1910) gallic acid gallium gallon gallstone Galois, Évariste (1811 — 1832) Galois theory Galton, Francis (1822 — 1911) Galvani, Luigi (1737 — 1798) galvanizing galvanometer game game theory GAMES AND PUZZLES gamete gametophyte Gamma (Soviet orbiting telescope) Gamma Cassiopeiae Gamma Cassiopeiae star gamma function gamma globulin gamma rays Gamma Velorum gamma - ray burst gamma - ray satellites Gamow, George (1904 — 1968) ganglion gangrene Ganswindt, Hermann (1856 — 1934) Ganymede «garbage theory», of the origin of life Gardner, Martin (1914 — 2010) Garneau, Marc (1949 ---RRB- garnet Garnet Star (Mu Cephei) Garnet Star Nebula (IC 1396) garnierite Garriott, Owen K. (1930 ---RRB- Garuda gas gas chromatography gas constant gas giant gas laws gas - bounded nebula gaseous nebula gaseous propellant gaseous - propellant rocket engine gasoline Gaspra (minor planet 951) Gassendi, Pierre (1592 — 1655) gastric juice gastrin gastrocnemius gastroenteritis gastrointestinal tract gastropod gastrulation Gatewood, George D. (1940 ---RRB- Gauer - Henry reflex gauge boson gauge theory gauss (unit) Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777 — 1855) Gaussian distribution Gay - Lussac, Joseph Louis (1778 — 1850) GCOM (Global Change Observing Mission) Geber (c. 720 — 815) gegenschein Geiger, Hans Wilhelm (1882 — 1945) Geiger - Müller counter Giessler tube gel gelatin Gelfond's theorem Gell - Mann, Murray (1929 ---RRB- GEM «gemination,» of martian canals Geminga Gemini (constellation) Gemini Observatory Gemini Project Gemini - Titan II gemstone gene gene expression gene mapping gene pool gene therapy gene transfer General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS) general precession general theory of relativity generation ship generator Genesis (inflatable orbiting module) Genesis (sample return probe) genetic code genetic counseling genetic disorder genetic drift genetic engineering genetic marker genetic material genetic pool genetic recombination genetics GENETICS AND HEREDITY Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search Program genome genome, interstellar transmission of genotype gentian violet genus geoboard geode geodesic geodesy geodesy satellites geodetic precession Geographos (minor planet 1620) geography GEOGRAPHY Geo - IK geologic time geology GEOLOGY AND PLANETARY SCIENCE geomagnetic field geomagnetic storm geometric mean geometric sequence geometry GEOMETRY geometry puzzles geophysics GEOS (Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite) Geosat geostationary orbit geosynchronous orbit geosynchronous / geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) geosyncline Geotail (satellite) geotropism germ germ cells Germain, Sophie (1776 — 1831) German Rocket Society germanium germination Gesner, Konrad von (1516 — 1565) gestation Get Off the Earth puzzle Gettier problem geyser g - force GFO (Geosat Follow - On) GFZ - 1 (GeoForschungsZentrum) ghost crater Ghost Head Nebula (NGC 2080) ghost image Ghost of Jupiter (NGC 3242) Giacconi, Riccardo (1931 ---RRB- Giacobini - Zinner, Comet (Comet 21P /) Giaever, Ivar (1929 ---RRB- giant branch Giant Magellan Telescope giant molecular cloud giant planet giant star Giant's Causeway Giauque, William Francis (1895 — 1982) gibberellins Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839 — 1903) Gibbs free energy Gibson, Edward G. (1936 ---RRB- Gilbert, William (1544 — 1603) gilbert (unit) Gilbreath's conjecture gilding gill gill (unit) Gilruth, Robert R. (1913 — 2000) gilsonite gimbal Ginga ginkgo Giotto (ESA Halley probe) GIRD (Gruppa Isutcheniya Reaktivnovo Dvisheniya) girder glacial drift glacial groove glacier gland Glaser, Donald Arthur (1926 — 2013) Glashow, Sheldon (1932 ---RRB- glass GLAST (Gamma - ray Large Area Space Telescope) Glauber, Johann Rudolf (1607 — 1670) glaucoma glauconite Glenn, John Herschel, Jr. (1921 ---RRB- Glenn Research Center Glennan, T (homas) Keith (1905 — 1995) glenoid cavity glia glial cell glider Gliese 229B Gliese 581 Gliese 67 (HD 10307, HIP 7918) Gliese 710 (HD 168442, HIP 89825) Gliese 86 Gliese 876 Gliese Catalogue glioma glissette glitch Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics (GAIA) Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) Globalstar globe Globigerina globular cluster globular proteins globule globulin globus pallidus GLOMR (Global Low Orbiting Message Relay) GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) glossopharyngeal nerve Gloster E. 28/39 glottis glow - worm glucagon glucocorticoid glucose glucoside gluon Glushko, Valentin Petrovitch (1908 — 1989) glutamic acid glutamine gluten gluteus maximus glycerol glycine glycogen glycol glycolysis glycoprotein glycosidic bond glycosuria glyoxysome GMS (Geosynchronous Meteorological Satellite) GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) Gnathostomata gneiss Go Go, No - go goblet cell GOCE (Gravity field and steady - state Ocean Circulation Explorer) God Goddard, Robert Hutchings (1882 — 1945) Goddard Institute for Space Studies Goddard Space Flight Center Gödel, Kurt (1906 — 1978) Gödel universe Godwin, Francis (1562 — 1633) GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) goethite goiter gold Gold, Thomas (1920 — 2004) Goldbach conjecture golden ratio (phi) Goldin, Daniel Saul (1940 ---RRB- gold - leaf electroscope Goldstone Tracking Facility Golgi, Camillo (1844 — 1926) Golgi apparatus Golomb, Solomon W. (1932 — 2016) golygon GOMS (Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite) gonad gonadotrophin - releasing hormone gonadotrophins Gondwanaland Gonets goniatite goniometer gonorrhea Goodricke, John (1764 — 1786) googol Gordian Knot Gordon, Richard Francis, Jr. (1929 — 2017) Gore, John Ellard (1845 — 1910) gorge gorilla Gorizont Gott loop Goudsmit, Samuel Abraham (1902 — 1978) Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1824 — 1896) Gould, Stephen Jay (1941 — 2002) Gould Belt gout governor GPS (Global Positioning System) Graaf, Regnier de (1641 — 1673) Graafian follicle GRAB graben GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) graceful graph gradient Graham, Ronald (1935 ---RRB- Graham, Thomas (1805 — 1869) Graham's law of diffusion Graham's number GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) grain (cereal) grain (unit) gram gram - atom Gramme, Zénobe Théophile (1826 — 1901) gramophone Gram's stain Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) Granat Grand Tour grand unified theory (GUT) Grandfather Paradox Granit, Ragnar Arthur (1900 — 1991) granite granulation granule granulocyte graph graph theory graphene graphite GRAPHS AND GRAPH THEORY graptolite grass grassland gravel graveyard orbit gravimeter gravimetric analysis Gravitational Biology Facility gravitational collapse gravitational constant (G) gravitational instability gravitational lens gravitational life gravitational lock gravitational microlensing GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS gravitational slingshot effect gravitational waves graviton gravity gravity gradient gravity gradient stabilization Gravity Probe A Gravity Probe B gravity - assist gray (Gy) gray goo gray matter grazing - incidence telescope Great Annihilator Great Attractor great circle Great Comets Great Hercules Cluster (M13, NGC 6205) Great Monad Great Observatories Great Red Spot Great Rift (in Milky Way) Great Rift Valley Great Square of Pegasus Great Wall greater omentum greatest elongation Green, George (1793 — 1841) Green, Nathaniel E. Green, Thomas Hill (1836 — 1882) green algae Green Bank Green Bank conference (1961) Green Bank Telescope green flash greenhouse effect greenhouse gases Green's theorem Greg, Percy (1836 — 1889) Gregorian calendar Grelling's paradox Griffith, George (1857 — 1906) Griffith Observatory Grignard, François Auguste Victor (1871 — 1935) Grignard reagent grike Grimaldi, Francesco Maria (1618 — 1663) Grissom, Virgil (1926 — 1967) grit gritstone Groom Lake Groombridge 34 Groombridge Catalogue gross ground, electrical ground state ground - track group group theory GROUPS AND GROUP THEORY growing season growth growth hormone growth hormone - releasing hormone growth plate Grudge, Project Gruithuisen, Franz von Paula (1774 — 1852) Grus (constellation) Grus Quartet (NGC 7552, NGC 7582, NGC 7590, and NGC 7599) GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) g - suit G - type asteroid Guericke, Otto von (1602 — 1686) guanine Guiana Space Centre guidance, inertial Guide Star Catalog (GSC) guided missile guided missiles, postwar development Guillaume, Charles Édouard (1861 — 1938) Gulf Stream (ocean current) Gulfstream (jet plane) Gullstrand, Allvar (1862 — 1930) gum Gum Nebula gun metal gunpowder Gurwin Gusev Crater gut Gutenberg, Johann (c. 1400 — 1468) Guy, Richard Kenneth (1916 ---RRB- guyot Guzman Prize gymnosperm gynecology gynoecium gypsum gyrocompass gyrofrequency gyropilot gyroscope gyrostabilizer Gyulbudagian's Nebula (HH215)

A variant in a region of the genome that is not coding for a protein can have a relatively large effect on a gene regulating bone health,» says Dr. Douglas Kiel, whose NIH - funded team at Hebrew SeniorLife and Harvard Medical School played a key role in the effort.

Natural selection on protein - coding genes in the human genome.

Compared with the ancestral lineage, the East African cichlid genomes possess: an excess of gene duplications; alterations in regulatory, non-protein-coding elements in the genome; accelerated evolution of protein - coding elements, especially in genes for pigmentation; and other distinct features that affect gene expression, such as insertions of transposable elements and regulation by novel microRNAs.

In the long term, the project aims to enable the research community to establish the traits associated with the function of every protein - coding gene in the mammalian genomIn the long term, the project aims to enable the research community to establish the traits associated with the function of every protein - coding gene in the mammalian genomin the mammalian genome.

In partnership with several international programs, the initial five - year phase of KOMP will reach its goal of creating knockout mouse embryonic stem cell lines for each of the approximately 21,000 protein - coding genes in the mouse genome this yeaIn partnership with several international programs, the initial five - year phase of KOMP will reach its goal of creating knockout mouse embryonic stem cell lines for each of the approximately 21,000 protein - coding genes in the mouse genome this yeain the mouse genome this year.

Natural selection on protein - coding genes in the human genome Bustamante, C. D., A. Fledel - Alon, S. Williamson, R. Nielsen et al. 2005.

«The human genome sequence provided a blueprint of all the protein - coding genes in the human genome for the first time,» reveals Jan Ellenberg, Head of the Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit at EMBL Heidelberg, «this changed how we go about studying protein function.»

A shotgun genome sequencing project was undertaken in the expectation that access to the complete protein coding repertoire of the organism will facilitate the search for vaccine candidate genes.

Even then, it took years to get right: When scientists sequence a genome, they're able to accept one error in a thousand genes or so, but to build a DNA code that will support life, you need to be pretty much error - free.

There are also many other differences in the number or coding sequences of ankyrin repeat genes between wMel strain genomes and wAu [21], [49](see also [15] and [48] for sequence of wMelCS).

Taken together, these studies both highlight a fact that I find myself repeating many times: a significant fraction of functional variation in the human genome lies outside the exons of known protein - coding genes.

New coding genes can arise in genomes through several processes, including gene duplication, gene fusion, de novo formation from non-coding DNA, or lateral gene transfer (LGT) from another species.

Personalized Genome Sequencing Reveals Coding Error Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center scientists used «personalized genome» sequencing on an individual with a hereditary form of pancreatic cancer to locate a mutation in a gene called PALB2 that is responsible for initiating the diGenome Sequencing Reveals Coding Error Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center scientists used «personalized genome» sequencing on an individual with a hereditary form of pancreatic cancer to locate a mutation in a gene called PALB2 that is responsible for initiating the digenome» sequencing on an individual with a hereditary form of pancreatic cancer to locate a mutation in a gene called PALB2 that is responsible for initiating the disease.

The immunoglobulin genes that code for antibodies are highly rearranged in the genome, causing missed identifications of antibodies in mass spectrometry searches.

These coding regions of the genome have a characteristic broad distribution of GC3 (fraction of cytosine and guanine in the third position of a codon) with over half the GC3 - rich genes (GC3.

They are also looking for genes, that contribute to cancer progression using whole genome sequencing or a method called exome sequencing which they developed with Greg Hannon to look at mutations in the regions of the genome that code for proteins.

Consensus sequences on either side of the exon - intron boundaries for all coding genes in the human genome.

* Acute promyelocytic leukaemia is caused by the modification of two genes, RAR and PML, leading to the development of cancer cells; ** the gene coding for p53 protein plays an essential role in cell proliferation under normal conditions and in maintaining the integrity of the cell genome.

In the most recent assembly of the reference mouse genome (GRCm38) over 1,200 genes are annotated as coding for ORs and around 530 for VRs with a smaller number of TAAR and FPR genes.

Doing this will help us identify what parts of the genome actually are protein - coding genes, but it will also tell us something about those genes» functions — a gene that is strongly expressed in a leaf, but not in flowers or root tissue, is probably important for the specific functions of leaves.

They identified more than 33,000 protein - coding genes, placing the octopus genome at slightly smaller in size, but with more genes, than a human genome.

In fact, during the long course of evolution, this gradual transfer of genetic information into the nucleus has already occurred with the majority of mitochondrial genome, leaving behind a mere 13 protein coding genes within the mitochondria.