In Penone's work, above all its more recent developments, the opposed concepts of identità (identity) and identicità (analogy) are assimilated according to a logic that is not extraneous to the Italian language, as in other European languages in which the two
cognate words share the same etymon.
«
Cognate words were processed more quickly than control words,» said Jason W. Gullifer, a graduate student in psychology, suggesting that both languages are active at the same time.
They analyzed 36,000 words from 195 Pama - Nyungan languages and compared the loss and gain of
cognate words in 189 meanings through time.
Beneath the meadow, just below the skin, was a machine that
cognated every word, waft and thing in the world.
Not exact matches
(Another possible
cognate is the South African usage of the
word tronk, for «jail.»)
Which was original is not certain, but probably, in view of its kinship with the
word for smelling in Hebrew and some
cognate languages, ruach at first signified the heavy breathing of man and later the blowing of the wind as the breath of God.
I quote here a passage that begins in Romans 12 and ends in Romans 13, abridged to highlight the repeated
words «evil,» «good,» and «vengeance» (and its
cognates, «avenge» and «revenge»), which connect Paul's arguments in these two chapters:
It is a good guess, but only a guess, that the lost Hebrew root is related to
cognate Accadian and Arabic
words meaning «to call» or «to announce.»
For the
word «salvation» — soteria in Greek, salus in Latin and its derivative languages, Heil in German and its
cognate languages — meant «health.»
I believe that somewhere between 99 % -100 % of the uses of the
word «save» in Scripture (and it's
cognates: saved, salvation, Savior, etc.), do not refer to «deliverance from hell, entrance into heaven, justification, or receiving eternal life.»
Do a
word study of the Greek soteria and its
cognates, and will see that it simply means «deliverance» without any inherent reference to deliverance from hell, entrance into heaven, forgiveness of sins, gaining eternal life, or any such idea.
For example, deliverance in the charismatic sense of deliverance from demons can easily be linked to political or social liberation, and the two
words are of course close
cognates in some languages.
One who shows zeal, after all, is known as a zealot, a
word that has pejorative connotations, as does its
cognate zealotry.
One strong hypothesis sees it as related to
cognate Accadian and Arabic
words meaning «to call» or «to announce.»
(The English
word «knee,» ancient Greek «gónu,» and Sanskrit «jānu» are all
cognates, descended from the Proto - Indo - European
word «ǵénu.»)
Given these similarities, linguists would expect the languages to share many
cognates, or
words derived from a common ancestor.
For the study published in Nature, Bowern drew from an expanded database of 800,000
words, which contains 80 % of all Australian language data ever published, and looked at
cognates from 28 languages across 200 meanings.
By assessing structural similarities between the two, her software calculated the probability that a particular Ugaritic
word was a
cognate — a functional equivalent — of a selected Hebrew
word.
About half of the red
words were
cognates —
words that look and sound similar and have the same meaning in both languages.
In a separate study, a team at the University of Reading in England reviewed
cognates (similar sounding
words in different languages for the same object or meaning, such as «water» and the German «wasser») to determine how all Indo - European tongues progressed from a common ancestor that existed between 6,000 and 10,000 years ago.
For example, they looked at
cognates,
words derived from ancestral
words.
Students who have a developed knowledge of Spanish can use
cognates (
words with similar spelling and meanings in both languages) to help their reading comprehension in both languages.
I introduced the vocabulary without the written
word initially (that's why no
words on powerpoint slides) but then I used the match up
cognate table to introduce them.
One page with 30 false
cognates and 2 columns for students to complete: One with the English
word that the
cognate resembles, and one with the actual translation of the English
word that the
cognate resembles.
11 slides on what you do in the evening and using the affirmative / negative form of a verb Lesson starter:
cognates / false friend spotting Listening task - fill in the gaps with the missing
words Learning the vocabulary - write down what you see on the picture Interactive activity - Who is doing what?
- a set of labels for class items - a set of grammar concepts for interactive display - a set of interactive display for
cognates and false friends
words.
They also help students identify
cognates and
words which may look similar to English, but mean something different.
First, it asks students to define a number of etymology terms (e.g.
cognate, derivative, loan
word), and then it presents a number of questions that has them figuring out how
words transform over time and how languages are related to each other.
For example, the new standards place additional emphasis on building vocabulary through informational reading and the use of roots, affixes,
cognates, synonyms and antonyms to determine the meaning of unfamiliar
words.
If the
word is a
cognate, solicit prior knowledge to help students make the connection between the Spanish term and its English counterpart.
Point out false
cognates that may lead students to misinterpret
word meaning.
This resource helps teachers make use of the fact that approximately one - third of all
words in English have a related
word, or
cognate, in Spanish.
In classrooms where many ELLs can already read Spanish, lists of Spanish - English
cognates (i.e., «sister
words» with common origins and meanings across languages, telephono / telephone, sal / salt, estudiar / study) are posted on the wall for Spanish - speaking students» reference.
Carlo and colleagues (2004) tested the effects of a vocabulary enrichment intervention in which engaging texts and activities were used to teach 5th grade students strategies for analyzing new
words using context clues and knowledge of root
words and
cognates.
Definitions for the target
words were provided in both English and Spanish, and students were taught to draw on their
cognate knowledge.
Bravo, Hiebert, and Pearson (2007) found that approximately 88 % of key science
words selected for instruction were
cognates in Spanish, and about half of them were high - frequency
words in Spanish, making them more likely to be known by Spanish speakers, including those who had not had high levels of schooling in their first language.
As teachers preview reading materials to look for
words and concepts that may require preteaching, they also scan for
cognates that can serve as resources for students from certain language backgrounds.
Some ELLs have a primary language that shares
cognate or sister
words with English.
These pairs of English and Spanish
words are
cognates: observe / observar, anniversary / aniversario, respiración / respiration, and monument / monumento.
When necessary, teachers prompt students to use comprehension strategies such as rereading a sentence from the beginning, summarizing what has happened so far, predicting what the sentence might say, identifying and thinking about
word parts, and looking for
cognates (sister
words across languages).
Did your analysis of the
word attribute and its
cognates only include such papers that used the
word attribute and its
cognates specifically for this purpose?
(But scientists being as argumentative as they are, the debate may not be over: see the featured comment — and others chauvinistically boosterish about Indians, Arabs, Chinese, etc. etc.) There's a brief description of the method in the Economist piece, and associated with the article in Science a list of
words whose
cognates in other languages point to a common ancestor and to a location for that ancestor.