Sentences with phrase «cognitive control mechanisms»

Research also implicates a distributed network within the prefrontal cortex through which attention is deployed to closely monitor performance, incorporating feedback, as individuals then call on more specialized cognitive control mechanisms to modify subsequent behaviour.30 - 32 Anxiety related perturbations in this pattern are evident in both children33 and adults.34 Imaging studies have implicated the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in this process, as it appears to be hyperactive in anxious individuals during tasks requiring cognitive or «top down» control.35

What happens in these individuals is that their cognitive control mechanisms are deranged.

Not exact matches

Physical punishment is associated with a range of mental health problems in children, youth and adults, including depression, unhappiness, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness, use of drugs and alcohol, and general psychological maladjustment.26 — 29 These relationships may be mediated by disruptions in parent — child attachment resulting from pain inflicted by a caregiver, 30,31 by increased levels of cortisol32 or by chemical disruption of the brain's mechanism for regulating stress.33 Researchers are also finding that physical punishment is linked to slower cognitive development and adversely affects academic achievement.34 These findings come from large longitudinal studies that control for a wide range of potential confounders.35 Intriguing results are now emerging from neuroimaging studies, which suggest that physical punishment may reduce the volume of the brain's grey matter in areas associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS - III).36 In addition, physical punishment can cause alterations in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse of drugs and alcohol.37

Wong hopes future research will address how sleep difficulties and deprivation may affect brain mechanisms, which in turn influence control of affect, cognitive processes, and behavior.

Carter uses methods from cognitive neuroscience including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and conducts basic research into the neural mechanisms of cognitive control as well as clinical and translational research in schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

«Dr. Yue's interest in how the brain controls motor function complements our Center's expertise in cognitive function and peripheral neural mechanisms,» said John DeLuca, PhD, Vice President of Research at Kessler Foundation.

The cortico - striatal associative loops are also important for working memory and cognitive control, and likely contribute to the mechanism of disorders such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and addiction.

That, in turn, reduces our cognitive capacity («the psychological mechanisms that underlie our ability to solve problems, retain information, engage in logical reasoning, and so on») and our executive control («our ability to manage our cognitive activities, including planning, attention, initiating, and inhibiting actions, and controlling impulses».

A more in - depth research on the self was conducted (mechanism of self - control based on social cognitive conflicts).

Stress paradigms in rodent models have been associated with elevated anxiety and contrasting alterations in neuronal morphology in the hippocampus and amygdala, with dendritic atrophy observed in the hippocampus and increased dendritic arborization in the amygdala.12, 13 Developing rodents deprived of maternal nurturance show decreased hippocampal volume and altered stress reactivity.14 An epigenetic mechanism for this effect has been elaborated.15 Importantly, controlled trials that have randomized institutionalized toddlers to early therapeutic foster care vs institutionalization have documented the deleterious effects of early relative deprivation on cognitive outcomes.16

Literature suggests that perturbations in both «bottom up» attention mechanisms and «top down» executive control processes may play a central role in the etiology and maintenance of anxiety.22 These perturbations extend to both emotionally charged and affectively neutral stimuli, reflecting both preferential treatment of specific categories of stimuli (i.e., bias to threat cues) and heightened vigilance of one's own performance and behaviour (i.e., cognitive monitoring).

Children raised in families that experience multiple transitions do not consistently have higher levels of behavioral problems or lower test scores than do children in family types with one or fewer transitions, even when only child characteristics are controlled... Finally, maternal psychological well - being is shown to be an important mechanism by which family structure affects behavioral outcomes, but not cognitive ones.»

Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on teaching those who demonstrate aggressive and violent behavior to better understand and control their aggression, explore various coping mechanisms to better channel the thoughts and feelings associated with violent behavior, and learn how to properly assess the consequences of aggression or violence.