Sentences with phrase «cognitive effects of breastfeeding»

The study did show some positive short - term cognitive effects of breastfeeding, but no long - term advantages.

Not exact matches

We confirmed this gene — environment interaction in two birth cohorts, and we ruled out alternative explanations of the finding involving gene — exposure correlation, intrauterine growth, social class, and maternal cognitive ability, as well as maternal genotype effects on breastfeeding and breast milk.

Another strength is that our results provide a more complete assessment of socioeconomic inequalities in breastfeeding rates, by estimating both relative and absolute inequalities, than common practice in inequality assessments.23 Finally, our study analysed effects of the intervention not only on an immediate, direct outcome (breastfeeding) but also on a long - term consequence of breastfeeding (child cognitive ability) that is associated with important health and behavioural outcomes in later life.27

Research in the United States, Canada, Europe, and other developed countries, among predominantly middle - class populations, provides strong evidence that human milk feeding decreases the incidence and / or severity of diarrhea,1 - 5 lower respiratory infection,6 - 9 otitis media,3,10 - 14bacteremia, 15,16 bacterial meningitis, 15,17 botulism, 18 urinary tract infection, 19 and necrotizing enterocolitis.20, 21 There are a number of studies that show a possible protective effect of human milk feeding against sudden infant death syndrome,22 - 24insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus,25 - 27 Crohn's disease, 28,29 ulcerative colitis, 29 lymphoma, 30,31 allergic diseases,32 - 34 and other chronic digestive diseases.35 - 37 Breastfeeding has also been related to possible enhancement of cognitive development.38, 39

The long - term effects of sexual abuse are divided into seven domains that may impact breastfeeding behavior: post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive distortions, emotional distress, impaired sense of self, avoidance, interpersonal difficulties, and health problems.

The most recent evidence for an effect of infant feeding on cognitive development will be reviewed, but it will go beyond IQ, beyond just a number, and will look at the normal brain development that happens when infants are breastfed and what developmental, educational and social consequences occur when infants are artificially fed.

Table 3 summarizes the effect of covariate adjustment on estimated relationships between breastfeeding duration and child cognitive outcomes.

To examine whether the effects of breastfeeding varied for boys and girls, the analyses were extended to include tests of interactions between gender and measures of breastfeeding in their effects on cognitive and educational outcomes.

Another possibility is that the benefits of breastfeeding depend on the precise content of breast milk — that only milk with higher levels of DHA fatty acid (docosahexaenoic acid) confers special effects on cognitive ability (Bernard et al 2017).

The most recent follow - up study reported associations between duration of breastfeeding and childhood cognitive ability and academic achievement extending from 8 to 18 years in a New Zealand cohort of 1000 children.19 This study found that these effects were significant after controlling for measures of social and family history, including maternal age, education, SES, marital status, smoking during pregnancy, family living conditions, and family income, and measures of perinatal factors, including gender, birth weight, child's estimated gestational age, and birth order in the family.