Sentences with phrase «cognitive factors such»

These include social influences such as social isolation (Belsky 2002; Kivijärvi 2004); psychological factors such as maternal depression (Dannemiller 1999; Karl 1995; Murray 1997), or personality disorder (Laulik 2013); maternal history of maltreatment (Pereria 2012), substance dependency (Eiden 2014), domestic violence (Levendosky 2006), or low self - esteem (Leerkes 2002; Shin 2008); or cognitive factors such as maternal preconceptions about parenting (Kiang 2004; Leerkes 2010).

Not exact matches

The Enlightenment belief that logical thinking and education alone, without any consideration of other factors apart from ignorance such as the survival instinct and clinical cognitive dysfunction in the formation of behavior patterns, can solve all of our individual and social ills is the fundamental heresy of the Enlightenment philosophy.

It is important to note that these studies, which support breast milk's power to develop infants» cognitive ability are based mainly on observation and could contain confounding factors such as minor differences in mother - baby interaction.

The evolution of children's communication proceeds at a steady and relatively predictable pace, though the timing is influenced by factors such as individual personality, cognitive development, home environment, etc..

There was no evidence to suggest that the associations between breastfeeding and academic achievement or cognitive ability could be explained further by the inclusion of such confounding factors into the models.

Factors such as the way in which parents bring up their offspring (parenting, diet, cognitive inputs) or experience of social disadvantages seem to have implications for how genes manifest themselves in later life.»

«While abstinence or reduced substance use may partially improve cognition, future research should determine whether factors shown to protect against cognitive impairments in aging adults, such as a healthy diet, and physical and intellectual activities, also protect against cognitive impairments in populations with difficulties in reducing substance use,» said Dr. Hasin.

After controlling for factors known to influence brain volume and cognitive test scores, such as age and gender, the researchers found that a higher self - reported frequency of game playing was significantly associated with greater brain volume in several regions involved in Alzheimer's disease (such as the hippocampus) and with higher cognitive test scores on memory and executive function.

«Factors such as adhering to a healthy lifestyle including a diet that is rich in essential nutrients, regular exercise engagement, and having an adequate cardiovascular profile all seem to be effective ways by which to preserve cognitive function and delay cognitive decline,» said Cohen.

The researchers also urge colleagues to consider the roles other factors, such as language and cognitive control, play in acquiring numerical concepts.

Other measures such as cognitive (i.e. IQ) ability, early linguistic skills, measures of the environment such as socio - economic status, and whether there is a family member with reading problems or dyslexia are all common early factors used to assess risk of developing reading difficulties.

Although the question can not be answered definitively, other analyses have linked lower dementia risk to better control of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and high cholesterol, and by building up «cognitive reserve» with more education.

Other potential contributing factors may include cognitive changes, such as a lessened ability to discern a person's trustworthiness, and psychosocial problems, including loneliness or depression.

The available sociological and historical data show that what we believe in is mainly based on social and educational factors, and not on cognitive styles, such as intuitive / analytical thinking.

Factors other than practice believed to influence athletic performance include genetic attributes, such as fast - twitch muscles and maximum blood oxygenation level; cognitive and psychological traits and behaviors — including confidence, performance anxiety, intelligence and working memory capacity — play roles as well, though researchers don't yet know the significance of each.

The identification of this and other risk factors (such as lower levels of cognitive stimulation and a higher body mass index) may help us to target individuals for screening, intervention and possible treatment.

With such prevalence, finding lifestyle factors that may slow down the rate of cognitive impairment can make a big difference to individuals and society, Dr. Petersen notes.

Biological factors such as maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, low infant birth weight, premature birth, poor infant physical growth and nutritional status at follow - up were not as strongly linked to cognitive ability as the socio - environmental factors assessed during the study: home environment, maternal depression, parental education and socio - economic status.

Of clinical significance in terms of helping people with mental illness, the patients» happiness was unrelated to the severity or duration of their illness, to cognitive or physical function or to socioeconomic factors such as age and education, which among healthy adults have been linked to a greater sense of well - being.

Although much research has examined traumatic brain injury (TBI) as a possible risk factor for later life dementia from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), little is known regarding how TBI influences the rate of age - related cognitive change.

Scholars from diverse fields have long proposed that interlocking factors such as cognitive abilities, discrimination and interests may cause more women than men to leave the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) pipeline after entering college.

Therefore, differences in the similarities of subjects» neural response time courses likely stem from factors such as differences in subjects» dispositions, moods, cognitive styles, pre-existing assumptions, expectations, values, views, and interests, as well as differences in the pre-existing knowledge structures into which incoming stimuli are integrated.

For Hispanics, many of whom are recent immigrants, social and cultural factors, such as disparities in education and household assets and health - related cognitive problems, accounted for the sensory loss.

«Therapeutic manipulation of repair factors such as BRCA1 may ultimately be used to prevent neuronal damage and cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease or in people at risk for the disease,» says senior author Lennart Mucke, MD, director of the Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease.

This research - dedicated Center is increasing our fundamental knowledge of factors that contribute to disability, such as cognitive fatigue, spatial neglect, and disorders of emotional processing, executive function and processing speed.

In addition, they are also examining the extent to which latent familial internalizing and externalizing factors contribute to BPD and the degree to which traits such as anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, and aggression are associated with BPD, and the extent to which such associations reflect common familial factors.

WEDNESDAY, April 13, 2011 (Health.com)-- Treating traditional risk factors for heart disease such as hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes may also prevent the progression of mild memory and cognitive problems into full - blown Alzheimer's disease, a new study suggests.

Out of 3,635 people surveyed about their health and reading habits, bookworms were 20 percent less likely to die over the next 12 years — even after researchers controlled for factors such as gender, education, and cognitive ability.

While it's important to recognize that diet is frequently associated with other factors that may impact cognition in aging, Fargo says — such as smoking, education levels, and socioeconomic status — he does believe that there is «sufficiently strong evidence to conclude that a healthy diet may reduce the risk of cognitive decline.»

Treating traditional risk factors for heart disease such as hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes may also prevent the progression of mild memory and cognitive problems into full - blown Alzheimer's disease, a new study suggests.

It is separate and distinct from reading difficulties resulting from factors such as deficiency with vision or hearing, inadequate reading instruction, poor motivation, social problems or low cognitive abilities.

The current study involved in - depth qualitative file audit of 299 non-heterosexual counselling clients who attended drummond street (within a 3 year period from 2008 - 2011), with 220 risk and protective factors identified relating to the individual (cognitive and coping styles, physical health and health risk behaviours), family of origin, couple relationship and parenting, stressful life events, school and work factors, social connection to mainstream and queer communities, and queer - specific factors (such as exposure to homophobia and being currently in a «questioning» stage regarding sexual identity formation).

An alternative explanation for the association between poverty, family instability and children's cognitive functioning is that all of these factors might be associated with each other due to their association with previous characteristics of the parent (such as mother's age and education).25, 30 According to the selection hypothesis24 parents» own characteristics may affect their ability to maintain a stable income or a stable and committed partnership, and impact on the characteristics of their children, either through the environment in the home, through genetic transmission, or more likely the combination of both.

Another explanation for the associations observed could involve common environmental factors, such as time spent watching television, leading to both poor cognitive function (50, 51) and overweight (52 — 54).

Resilience research has identified several mechanisms by which protective and vulnerability factors operate to increase or decrease the probability of competence in contexts of adversity, respectively.11 As noted previously, sensitive caregiving engenders adaptive neurobiological, behavioural, and cognitive organization in early childhood.4, 8 Thus, positive relationships contribute to resilient adaptation by promoting resources, such as self - esteem, self - efficacy and coping capacities.

This is due to the complex interaction of biopsychosocial factors such as impaired brain function, cognitive deficits, and social stress through ostracism and rejection.

Although the research on resilience in foster children specifically is sorely lacking, studies of maltreated children suggest that maltreated children who exhibit resilience have high cognitive competence, self - esteem, and ego control (including flexibility, planfulness, persistence, and reflection).30 Thus, foster children, who have an increased likelihood of experiencing multiple risk factors such as poverty, maltreatment, and separation from family of origin, may have more positive outcomes if they are fortunate enough to also experience protective factors.

Risk factors such as poverty, caregiver mental illness, child maltreatment, single parent, and low maternal education have a cumulative impact: maltreated children exposed to as many as 6 additional risks face a 90 - 100 % likelihood of having one or more delays in their cognitive, language, or emotional development.

As noted in the previous chapter, health inequalities can be fairly broadly defined to include differences in: specific health outcomes (such as low birthweight, obesity, long - term conditions, accidents); health related risk factors that impact directly on children (such as poor diet, low levels of physical activity, exposure to tobacco smoke); as well as exposure to wider risks from parental / familial behaviours and environmental circumstances (maternal depression and / or poor physical health, alcohol consumption, limited interaction, limited cognitive stimulation, poor housing, lack of access to greenspace).

Cognitive development at 34 months was not independently associated with the mother's mental health once other factors, such as income and other family characteristics, were taken into account.

Additionally, family of origin factors such as toxic or healthy cognitive, emotional, or behavioral patterns, mental illness, how effectively parents and friends express themselves while communicating their approval of dating and potential marriage partners, enmeshment with or autonomy from the family, school / work stress and related spillover, debt, health, and functional and dysfunctional interactions with family members, can each exert an influence on dating relationships and future marital quality, stability, and satisfaction (Larson and Holman 1994; Holman 2001; Larson 2003).

This research links residence with biological and nonbiological married and unmarried parents to the cognitive achievement and behavioral problems of children aged 3 — 12, controlling for factors that make such families different.

As the scale included factors such as below average cognitive development, language and behavioural problems, all of which are much more common in boys, it is unsurprising that that this analysis found a difference between boys and girls.

The goal of this testing would be to ensure that there are no complicating factors such as a cognitive impairment or co-morbid condition, identify factors involved in the mood disorder (e.g., body image, self - esteem, peer issues), and to assess the seriousness of the mood disorder.

There is substantial evidence that many developmental outcomes, such as cognitive development and behavior problems for LBW / PT children, are influenced not only by the growth compromised in utero but also by environmental factors such as poverty (McCarton, 1998) and poor parenting (Dadds & Salmon, 2003), and also by child temperament (Hertzig & Mittleman, 1984).

Such a study demonstrates cognitive development is not purely dependent on maturation but on cultural factors too — spatial awareness is crucial for nomadic groups of people.

These associations were not overshadowed by other cognitive or social risk factors, or by other relevant child temperament traits such as proneness to irritability.

In short, researchers have argued that subjective well - being and its cognitive components (such as life satisfaction, Diener et al. 1999) are factors enabling positive development (Child Trends 2003; Damon 2004).

Also, a number of other factors, such as behavioral inhibition (e.g., Shamir - Essakow et al., 2005), peer relations (e.g., Bosquet and Egeland, 2006), cognitive biases (see Hadwin et al., 2006), cognitive development (e.g., Fenning et al., 2011), and gender (e.g., Bender et al., 2012), are likely to be related to this framework, and future investigations need to examine how the various factors are associated with each other.

They also include parental psychological stress stemming from economic problems.38 Such parental stress is often accompanied by parenting styles that do not favour the intellectual development of the child.39 — 41 Moreover, confounding factors such as the parents» own cognitive ability, 42 education43 and psychological health24 are of course also part of the explanatSuch parental stress is often accompanied by parenting styles that do not favour the intellectual development of the child.39 — 41 Moreover, confounding factors such as the parents» own cognitive ability, 42 education43 and psychological health24 are of course also part of the explanatsuch as the parents» own cognitive ability, 42 education43 and psychological health24 are of course also part of the explanation.