The magnitudes of the emotional support and
cognitive stimulation scores were meaningful, with a 1 - SD increase in each of these scores at age 4 years associated with a 33 % decrease in the odds of being a bully in grade school.
The relationship was strengthened in the subsample of previously normal - weight children, with race, maternal obesity, HOME - SF
cognitive stimulation score, and 1996 BMI z score acting as confounders (adjusted odds ratio: 5.23; 95 % confidence interval: 1.37 — 19.9).
Multiple logistic regression was used to control for potential confounders (selected a priori): child's sex, race, use of behavior - modifying medication, history of academic retention, and hours of television per day; maternal obesity, smoking status, marital status, education, and depressive symptoms; family poverty status; and Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment - Short Form (HOME - SF)
cognitive stimulation score.
The cognitive stimulation score generally includes items related to outings, reading, playing, and parental roles in teaching a child.
Not exact matches
It is also possible that a high
score on the
cognitive stimulation subscale is a proxy for a broad range of nurturing parental behaviors that are eventually associated with prosocial behavior, such as positive interactions with peers and teachers.
She analyzed data on four variables for the children: reading and math test
scores; a measure of behavioral problems; and a measure of home environment, which looked at levels of
cognitive stimulation and emotional support.
A composite scale represents an average of
scores (range 0 — 7) in 3 domains: sensitivity, positive regard, and
cognitive stimulation.
Fact:» [W] e find that family structure does operate through economic status because, once income is controlled, the family structure effects primarily disappear for both behavioral and
cognitive outcomes... Children with higher quality home environments (with respect to emotional support and
cognitive stimulation) have fewer behavioral problems and higher
cognitive test
scores.