The principal component time series of the ENSO (M1) and North Pacific (M3) modes are
coherent at time scales > 10 years, and their interaction results in the traditional PDO pattern and the dominant mode of Pacific multi-decadal variability.
Now, thanks to the Linac
Coherent Light Source
at Stanford, the team has cut
time resolution to 150 femtoseconds, the
time scale on which fundamental chemical reactions take place.