Between 2 and 3 million years ago the cooling of the deep oceans reached a tipping point, and modern upwelling regions ogf
cold deep water off the coast of Peru, California and the west coast of Africa were established.
Not exact matches
The hard work and long hours (often spent in waist -
deep cold water) are paying
off: The calf, named Tyonek (tye - OH - nehk) by ASLC staff, is passing critical milestones similar to those we mark to monitor the well - being of belugas born at Shedd
A fleet of robotic submarines, based at the National Oceanography Centre (NOC), head - quartered in in Southampton, have been used to map vulnerable
cold -
water coral reefs in the
deep ocean
off southwest England.
El Nino's mass of warm
water puts a lid on the normal currents of
cold,
deep water that typically rise to the surface along the equator and
off the coast of Chile and Peru, said Stephanie Uz, ocean scientist at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
One morning last August, the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute's
deep - sea robot, named Doc Ricketts, was snooping around the ocean floor in 1,812 meters of very
cold water off the coast of northern California.
During normal conditions, trade winds blow to the west across the tropical Pacific Ocean, piling up warm surface
water in the western Pacific, and
cold,
deeper water rises up, or upwells,
off the west coast of South America.
Those winds allow an upwelling of
deep,
cold water off the northwest coast of South America to move west, piling up on the other side of the ocean.
Thus it appears that disruption of
deep water formation in the North Atlantic, via a blob of
colder fresher
water coming
off of Greenland, would not «shut down» or even affect the Gulf Stream net mass transport at all, but instead would shift its northern return flow southwards, with many severe regional consequences.
However, the upwelling of
cold water off of the east coast of South American is also part of the meridional overturning of the ocean that begins with the sinking of
cold salty
water near the poles (thermohaline circulation) that forms the characteristic
deep water found at the bottom of the major oceans.
Hurricanes can be thought of, to a first approximation, as a heat engine; obtaining its heat input from the warm, humid air over the tropical ocean, and releasing this heat through the condensation of
water vapor into
water droplets in
deep thunderstorms of the eyewall and rainbands, then giving
off a
cold exhaust in the upper levels of the troposphere (~ 12 km / 8 mi up).