The latter, which isolated Antarctica within
a cold polar sea, produced global effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation.
Not exact matches
The researchers identified several key circulation patterns that affected the winter temperatures from 1979 to 2013, particularly the Arctic Oscillation (a climate pattern that circulates around the Arctic Ocean and tends to confine
colder air to the
polar latitudes) and a second pattern they call Warm Arctic and
Cold Eurasia (WACE), which they found correlates to
sea ice loss as well as to particularly strong winters.
Mori et al. identified two circulation patterns that drove winter temperatures in Eurasia from 1979 to 2013: the Arctic Oscillation (which confines
colder air to the
polar latitudes) and a pattern dubbed «Warm Arctic and
Cold Eurasia» (WACE), which correlated both to sea - ice loss in the Barents - Kara Sea and to particularly cold winters; its impact has more than doubled the probability of severe winters in central Eura
Cold Eurasia» (WACE), which correlated both to
sea - ice loss in the Barents - Kara Sea and to particularly cold winters; its impact has more than doubled the probability of severe winters in central Euras
sea - ice loss in the Barents - Kara
Sea and to particularly cold winters; its impact has more than doubled the probability of severe winters in central Euras
Sea and to particularly
cold winters; its impact has more than doubled the probability of severe winters in central Eura
cold winters; its impact has more than doubled the probability of severe winters in central Eurasia.
Background Mammals that have evolved to live in
cold waters, such as whales, seals,
sea lions and
polar bears, commonly have a layer of blubber.
The research is timely given the extreme winter of 2017 - 2018, including record warm Arctic and low
sea ice, record - breaking
polar vortex disruption, record - breaking
cold and disruptive snowfalls in the United States and Europe, severe «bomb cyclones» and costly nor'easter s, said Judah Cohen, director of seasonal forecasting at AER and lead author of the study.
The 1930 - 1940's globally were
colder than today, but the
polar temperatures were near equal (land a little lower,
sea a little higher today).
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colder, wolves eat more moose, wolves eat less, workers laid off, World bankruptcy, World in crisis, Yellow fever.
When oceans get
cold, and the surface of
polar waters freezes, it snows much less and the sun takes away ice and limites the lower bound of temperature and
sea level.
When the convective processes of the atmosphere remove enough water vapor from the oceans to drop
sea levels and build
polar ice caps, as has happened many times before, the top 35 meters of the oceans where climate models assume the only thermal mixing occurs, must heat up
cold ocean water that comes from depths below the original 35 meter depth, removing vast more amounts of heat from the earth's surface and atmosphere.
This interpretation is further supported by the minimum of the total number of dinoflagellate cysts and peak concentrations of the dinoflagellate species Impagidinium pallidum (Fig. 7d), indicative of
cold polar conditions and an extensive seasonal
sea ice cover42.
When it gets warm, it melts
polar sea ice and always snows enough to cause
cold.
The large vertical movements occur in
polar seas, where accelerated radiation makes the surface waters greatly
colder than the deeper waters.
For example, reductions in seasonal
sea ice cover and higher surface temperatures may open up new habitat in polar regions for some important fish species, such as cod, herring, and pollock.128 However, continued presence of cold bottom - water temperatures on the Alaskan continental shelf could limit northward migration into the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea off northwestern Alaska.129, 130 In addition, warming may cause reductions in the abundance of some species, such as pollock, in their current ranges in the Bering Sea131and reduce the health of juvenile sockeye salmon, potentially resulting in decreased overwinter survival.132 If ocean warming continues, it is unlikely that current fishing pressure on pollock can be sustained.133 Higher temperatures are also likely to increase the frequency of early Chinook salmon migrations, making management of the fishery by multiple user groups more challenging.
sea ice cover and higher surface temperatures may open up new habitat in
polar regions for some important fish species, such as cod, herring, and pollock.128 However, continued presence of
cold bottom - water temperatures on the Alaskan continental shelf could limit northward migration into the northern Bering
Sea and Chukchi Sea off northwestern Alaska.129, 130 In addition, warming may cause reductions in the abundance of some species, such as pollock, in their current ranges in the Bering Sea131and reduce the health of juvenile sockeye salmon, potentially resulting in decreased overwinter survival.132 If ocean warming continues, it is unlikely that current fishing pressure on pollock can be sustained.133 Higher temperatures are also likely to increase the frequency of early Chinook salmon migrations, making management of the fishery by multiple user groups more challenging.
Sea and Chukchi
Sea off northwestern Alaska.129, 130 In addition, warming may cause reductions in the abundance of some species, such as pollock, in their current ranges in the Bering Sea131and reduce the health of juvenile sockeye salmon, potentially resulting in decreased overwinter survival.132 If ocean warming continues, it is unlikely that current fishing pressure on pollock can be sustained.133 Higher temperatures are also likely to increase the frequency of early Chinook salmon migrations, making management of the fishery by multiple user groups more challenging.
Sea off northwestern Alaska.129, 130 In addition, warming may cause reductions in the abundance of some species, such as pollock, in their current ranges in the Bering
Sea131and reduce the health of juvenile sockeye salmon, potentially resulting in decreased overwinter survival.132 If ocean warming continues, it is unlikely that current fishing pressure on pollock can be sustained.133 Higher temperatures are also likely to increase the frequency of early Chinook salmon migrations, making management of the fishery by multiple user groups more challenging.
Sea131and reduce the health of juvenile sockeye salmon, potentially resulting in decreased overwinter survival.132 If ocean warming continues, it is unlikely that current fishing pressure on pollock can be sustained.133 Higher temperatures are also likely to increase the frequency of early Chinook salmon migrations, making management of the fishery by multiple user groups more challenging.134
I'm not sure whether this is off topic, but I have read in other threads that there is less
cold water plunging to the ocean floor around Antarctica (and presumably the Arctic too) due to the
sea water becoming less saline due to increased precipitation and melting
polar ice.
A burst of widely publicized research over the past decade found that the depleted Arctic
sea ice could be part of a chain of events weakening the stratospheric
polar vortex and hiking the risk of
cold outbreaks in northern midlatitudes.
Reichler's study ventured into new territory by asking if changes in stratospheric
polar vortex winds impart heat or
cold to the
sea, and how that affects the
sea.
https://judithcurry.com/2017/01/09/skin-in-the-game/#comment-834593 When
polar sea ice has record low extents, there is more snow and
cold that follows.