This system involves the sinking of
cold saline waters in the subpolar regions of the oceans, an action that helps to drive warmer surface waters poleward from the subtropics.
Not exact matches
Qualitatively, the slow ventilation is consistent with very
saline and very
cold deep
waters reconstructed for the last glacial maximum (Adkins et al., 2002), as well as low glacial stable carbon isotope ratios (13C / 12C) in the deep South Atlantic.
This is what happens in our model events pictured above: during
cold phases in Greenland, oceanic convection only occurs in latitudes well south of Greenland, but during a DO event convection shifts into the Greenland - Norwegian seas and warm and
saline Atlantic
waters push northward.
2 — previously warm
saline surface
water, now wind cooled (
cold)
saline surface
water sinks to depths up to 2000m.
If the putative Arctic magnification of global warming prevents the
cold air outbreaks from cooling the northward moving
saline water, it may not cool enough to become convectively unstable.
Due to the refrigerator effect,
cold saline Antarctic Bottom
Water (proto - AABW) began to dominate the ocean floor.
Contributions of Warm
Saline Deep
Water (WSDW) diminished, and the influential Antarctic Intermediate
Water (AAIW) was increasingly cooled by much
colder Antarctic Bottom
Water.
Climate Alchemy and probably most scientists not taught chemical thermodynamics don't realise that the main heat transfer term in the oceans is the partial molar enthalpy transferred when the fresh,
cold water sinking from melting ice in the Antarctic and Arctic summers is made more
saline when it mixes with the warmer, more
saline surface
water for which solar energy has partially unmixed the ions.
Upwelling is the other side of the coin of sinking
cold and
saline water in the north which drive the great ocean currents.
A faster AMOC tends to transport more
saline water to the North Atlantic subpolar region, where it loses some heat to the
cold atmosphere and sinks.
Surface
water tends to be less
saline and
colder water of low salinity is less dense and so rises potentially reversing the «normal» situation.
Cold water sinks readily in polar regions, as the surface
water tends to be closer to freezing, as well as being fresher from ice melt, and therefore less dense than the inflowing currents, which are in turn are rendered more
saline by the fresh
water freezing out.
I'm not sure whether this is off topic, but I have read in other threads that there is less
cold water plunging to the ocean floor around Antarctica (and presumably the Arctic too) due to the sea
water becoming less
saline due to increased precipitation and melting polar ice.
Salinity changes
water density too and allows warmer more
saline water to sink beneath
colder fresher
water.