Sentences with phrase «cold upper atmosphere»

As a result, the warmer lower atmosphere emits more energy towards the surface than the cold upper atmosphere emits towards space.

The effect of this disparity is that thermal radiation escaping to space comes mostly from the cold upper atmosphere, while the surface is maintained at a substantially warmer temperature.

This is because hurricanes get their energy from the temperature difference between the warm tropical ocean and the cold upper atmosphere.

What keeps the hurricane going is the cold upper atmosphere and the warm sea surface (and a warm mixed layer of the upper ocean will sustain the hurricane)-- just like a Carnot heat engine.

The cold upper atmosphere shuts off the anticipated enhanced - Jeans, hydrodynamic - like escape of Pluto's atmosphere to space.

Pluto's cold upper atmosphere means atmospheric escape must occur via slow thermal Jeans» escape.

Thus, adding absorption to some new band will initially tend to warm the colder upper atmosphere and radiatively cool the lower atmosphere and warm the surface (The forcing at any level will be positive, so the surface + troposphere will warm; if some of the increased flux escaping in parts of the spectrum where the abover layers have sufficiently small optical thickness, some of the upper - level cooling will persist.

Not exact matches

While the temperatures will be cold and the lakes warm, the amount of snow will be limited by the direction of the wind and relatively dry air in the upper atmosphere.

The hypothesis relates to an important component in tornado formation: the mixing of warm air on the surface and cold air in the upper atmosphere.

Results showed that additional data collected that year through more frequent observation of meteorological conditions in the Arctic's upper atmosphere from both land - based research stations and the research vessel Lance plying winter Arctic waters improved the accuracy of cold wave forecasts.

Whereas the lower atmosphere (at altitudes of less than 200 kilometers) is consistent with ground - based stellar occultations, the upper atmosphere is much colder and more compact than indicated by pre-encounter models.

Our next step will be to look for other features in the upper atmosphere, as well as investigating the Great Cold Spot itself in more detail.»

Supercooled water droplets can exist naturally in the upper regions of the planet's atmosphere, but physicists still don't know just how cold liquid water can get.

When snowfall is high in Siberia, the resultant cold air enhances atmospheric disturbances, which propagate into the upper level of the atmosphere, or stratosphere, warming the polar vortex.

The outgoing longwave radiation is composed not just of the radiation that leaks through to the top from the warm lower layers, but also of the «cold» radiation emitted from the upper atmosphere.

The fact that the mesosphere / thermosphere cools with higher CO2 (where the temperature declines in the mesosphere), and indeed that the high atmosphere of Venus is even colder than Earth, should also be independent validation that ozone is not a pre-requisite for upper atmosphere cooling.

As we know from laboratory experiments, mathematical calculations, and observations of Venus and other planets in the Solar System, greenhouse gases change things in two ways: they trap heat from the sun in the lower atmosphere, thus making the surface of the planet warmer; and they keep heat from rising, thus making the upper atmosphere colder.

This simple radiative example (convective transport is not being allowed) shows that any finite surface temperature Ts can be supported in radiative equilibrium with any arbitrarily cold «upper atmosphere» temperature Tt, by prescribing the appropriate LW opacity TAU for the atmospheric layer, with the energy required to maintain a fixed Ts adjusted accordingly.

Even assuming that the dataset is comprehensive: Considering that the upper - ocean cooling is seen mainly at 30N and 30S, another explanation for this cooling is increased ocean — to — atmosphere heat transfer in these regions (possibly aided by hurricane - mixing of the upper ocean layer, and advection of deeper cold water as a result).

As more optical thickness is added to a «new» band, it will gain greater control over the temperature profile, but eventually, the equilibrium for that band will shift towards a cold enough upper atmosphere and warm enough lower atmosphere and surface, such that farther increases will cool the upper atmosphere or just that portion near TOA while warming the lower atmosphere and surface — until the optical thickness is so large (relative to other bands) that the band loses influence (except at TOA) and has little farther effect (except at TOA).

But the upper atmosphere is getting colder.

So 90 % of earth's energy must be radiated from the upper atmosphere to space; which is far too cold to do that, even if it was a black body, which it isn't.

Cold temperatures in the upper atmosphere and the lingering presence of ozone - destroying pollutants, called chlorofluorocarbons, have set the stage for what could be a record loss in protective ozone over the Arctic this spring.

With the maximum molecule - molecule reactions going on near the surface, because that is where the atmosphere is at its densest, much of the measured LWIR could well come from the lowest 30m instead of the much colder upper troposphere.

While Earth's lower atmosphere is about one percent water vapor (although it seems much higher in the humid Louisiana summers), the upper atmosphere, where ultraviolet radiation can penetrate, is very dry: a cold trap, a combination of pressure and temperature, prevents water vapor from rising high in the earth's atmosphere.

The really cold Arctic air is only in the lowest regions of the atmosphere (below say 5,000 feet), which GISS would fully see, while the satellite also sees air above 5,000 feet and averages that «warmer» upper air with the cold surface air.

The effective radiating height is simply a median point between the lower part of the atmosphere which is warmer than the S - B Law predicts and the upper part which is colder than the S - B Law predicts.

Additionally, the direction of heat flow is always only from hot (the ground), to cold (upper atmosphere), Everyone should look at the lapse rate over Antarctica — during the winter (night), the atmosphere is ALWAYS warmer than the surface.

David, this means that at -25 deg the upper atmosphere is no more colder than the ground; an equilibrium is reached.

In your example, the upper atmosphere is no more colder than the ground.

DirkH; David, this means that at -25 deg the upper atmosphere is no more colder than the ground; an equilibrium is reached.

During hot, humid summer weather, many urban areas experience heat inversions — cold air in the upper atmosphere holds much warmer air close to the ground, sustaining higher - than - average temperatures and trapping smog.