When banks were the main providers of credit, the financial stability mandate of central banks could be summarised as their lender of last resort function: in times of crisis, lend freely,
at a
penalty rate and against
collateral that would be good in normal times but may be impaired in times of crisis.
Depending upon the particular campaign finance law involved, which isn't clearly specified, there might be a criminal
penalty (either a misdemeanor or a minor felony) as well, which could give rise to a probation sentence, a sentence to some period of incarceration, a period of post-release parole, criminal fines, court costs, and,
at least in the case of a felony, some
collateral consequences of that conviction such as a prohibition on owning a gun and ineligibility for many occupations and jobs.