Sentences with phrase «combined effects of»

Because both competition and climate increased tree mortality, our study suggests that the future tree mortality rates will likely increase due to the combined effects of competition and climate.

``... climate oscillation around 7500 — 7000 cal BP may have resulted from combined effects of a strong rate of change in insolation and of variations in solar activity.»

The overall combined effects of environmental perturbations caused by climate change could ultimately result in the displacement of some populations from their current geographical ranges and ultimately in the extinction of some marine mammal species (Kovacs et al. 2010).

The combined effects of climate forcing lead ultimately to alteration of the earth's radiation budget.

They also found that 67 percent of the variance for the date at which ice advances back to the shelf break in autumn and winter can be related to the combined effects of the July through September Bering Strait inflow and the date of ice retreat.

These regions are currently losing tree cover: California forests have lost more than 130 million trees since 2010, largely due to the combined effects of drought, warm temperatures, insects and disease.

#e4l = T - D -LRB-:, 10); % lower #e5u =D -LRB-:, 11)- T; % upper 95 % uncertainty ranges from the combined effects of all the uncertainties.

Corals and other species that depend upon them are also highly vulnerable due to the combined effects of warming ocean water, ocean acidification, and other human - caused stresses.

The combined effects of the urban air pollution mix is also an important issue that remains unresolved.

This resulted from the combined effects of high sea surface temperatures in open water areas and the effects of atmospheric circulation drawing warm air into the region.

It's slightly warmer, most likely due the combined effects of gradual warming since the LIA and the latest positive PDO phase change.

Our species has simplified the planet biologically through the combined effects of paving, ploughing, damming, dredging.

The reef is supposedly almost dead from the combined effects of a warming climate, nutrient pollution from Australian farms, and smothering sediment from offshore dredging.

Another major climate oscillation around 7500 — 7000 cal BP may have resulted from combined effects of a strong rate of change in insolation and of variations in solar activity.»

Many crop yields are predicted to decline due to the combined effects of changes in rainfall, severe weather events, and increasing competition from weeds and pests on crop plants (Ch.

In both these analyses, the response to solar forcing in the model was inferred by fitting a series of EBMs to the mean coupled model response to the combined effects of anthropogenic and natural forcings.

This analytical report looks at how the key causes of the current food crisis are the combined effects of speculation in food stocks, extreme weather events, low cereal stocks, growth in biofuels competing for cropland and high oil prices.

The combined effects of oceans and vegetation are known from ice cores: dCO2 / dT is about 8 ppmv / °C, pretty constant over 4 ice age — interglacial cycles in 420,000 years and surprisingly linear, despite that a number of players in this game are acting far from linear.

«This analysis combines the results of all these experiments to study the combined effects of multiple stressors on whole communities, including species interactions and different measures of responses to climate change.»

The combined effects of warming and extreme dryness of the atmosphere and fuels, combined with the extraordinary fuel accumulations are «exaggerating» these fires (as Steve Pyne says).

The low - lying East Coast and Gulf Coast of the United States are vulnerable to combined effects of sea - level rise, storm surges, and hurricanes.

Off California, the combined effects of sluggish circulation in semi-isolated basins, continental margin depths within the oxygen minimum zone, and high surface water productivity all contribute to accumulation of laminated, organic - rich sediments in the Santa Barbara basin.

With regard to the combined effects of permafrost and clathrate methane emissions I'm rather less sanguine than you, though I continue to press for the requisite Emissions Control treaty as the paramount mitigation priority.

They describe, for example, the multiple causes of health effects in places like Honduras, resulting from the combined effects of mangrove clearing and shrimp farming, gold mining, El - Nino changes, and hurricanes, each contributing its part to an unhealthy and unsustainable condition.

The sculptures and photographs by Elaine Bradford and the works on paper by Megan Greene take Darwin's theory of phenotype (or the visible characteristics of an animal that result from the combined effects of the genes and the environment) even further by incorporating human fashion and adornment as a means for a species to adapt to its surroundings.

The mileage cost of British Airways awards is given in Membership Rewards points, since this chart shows the combined effects of Membership Rewards transfer bonuses and a Travel Together Ticket.

Often cancer results from the combined effects of genetics, physical and chemical carcinogens.

The combined effects of a reaction to the nuts and the chocolate can be fatal for even the healthiest dog.

This involves exposing the mixture of animal and vegetable materials to the combined effects of pressure and temperature for a dozen seconds.

So the combined effects of the five above points all lead to both dampening the initial NAV (the mutual funds» net asset value) decline, NAV slowly increasing over time (usually back to its original level), and making it so your yield steadily increases back up to prevailing market interest rates over time.

Some believe that the combined effects of the new tax code and rising mortgage rates will have an adverse impact on residential real estate prices in 2018.

That said, if you're ready to buy a home, the combined effects of lower home prices and rock bottom mortgage rates are providing excellent opportunities.

It works on the basis that in a regular steering setup, the combined effects of a steering box and universal joints in the steering column linkage result in a «transmission error» between the driver's input on the wheel and response at the front wheels.

Skill development and refinement result from the combined effects of direct instruction, modeling, and opportunities to practice guided by ongoing feedback.

Increased scores appeared to be the result of the combined effects of extra money, reduced class sizes, planning time, professional development, new materials, and parent choice and commitment, along with a national search for teachers (Ricke & Malen, 2010).

When the MET researchers studied the separate and combined effects of teacher observations, value - added test scores, and student surveys, they found correlations so weak that no common attribute or characteristic of teacher - quality could be found.

«Overall, our best estimate is that the combined effects of dismissal and reform, separate from the hurricane effect, reduced the 2007 education employment of pre-Katrina New Orleans teachers by at least 16 percentage points,» the study says.

Some stakeholders may care about the value of the training itself, while others may care about the combined effects of selection and training.

Despite the best efforts of the teachers to provide leadership for their school, along with efforts by the district to establish formal teacher - leadership positions, the combined effects of frequent principal turnover and frequent teacher turnover made it impossible for this school to sustain any momentum in its improvement efforts.

The combined effects of these provisions are important to understand.

The story that has emerged is one of higher total enrollment, reflecting the combined effects of fewer dropouts, fewer transfers out, and higher demand for admission at all grades.

It has the combined effects of the Slow «Shroom Orb and Poison Shroom items from past Mario Party games.

Healthy, normal - weight individuals such as athletes and military personnel may also undergo periods of negative energy balance resulting from dietary energy restriction, increased energy expenditure, or the combined effects of both.

Investigating the combined effects of a mindfulness meditation intervention and working memory training on improving attentional control and reducing anxiety and worry in adolescents.

Separate and combined effects of caffeine and alprazolam on motor activity and benzodiazepine receptor binding in vivo

Strength gains are specific: to the type of external load you use, although the effect is likely just a weaker version of the combined effects of range of motion and velocity.

Yoshioka M, Doucet E, Drapeau V, Dionne I, Tremblay A. Combined effects of red pepper and caffeine consumption on 24 h energy balance in subjects given free access to foods.

While most people enjoy rapid and dramatic weight loss with wheat elimination due to the loss of the appetite - stimulating effect of wheat gliadin, the loss of repetitive glucose - insulin provocation of amylopectin A, the reduction of inflammation (that blocks insulin) of the combined effects of gliadin / wheat germ agglutinin / amylopectin A, and the leptin - blocking effect of wheat germ agglutinin, this doesn't happen to everybody.

Independent and combined effects of liquid carbohydrate / essential amino acid ingestion on hormonal and muscular adaptations following resistance training in untrained men

The isolated and combined effects of selected physical activity and ibuprofen on delayed - onset muscle soreness.