* the repeal of the [Defamation Act], 1961 [blogged here] including Part 2 dealing with various criminal offences * the explicit repeal of â $ œthe
common law offences of criminal libel, seditious libel and obscene libelâ $?
«In English criminal law, incitement was an
anticipatory common law offence and was the act of persuading, encouraging, instigating, pressuring, or threatening so as to cause another to commit a crime.»
As a result, the Government have had to dredge up an
old common law offence to put the frighteners on officials, MPs and, presumably, journalists.
In a comment on R (Rose) v DPP [2006] EWHC 852 (Admin), [2006] All ER (D) 225 (Mar), Professor Ormerod opined that the offence «remains as unsatisfactorily defined as most of the
other common law offences» (see [2006] Crim LR 993).
In that case, where the defendants had been convicted on two counts of conspiracy to corrupt public morals and conspiracy to outrage public decency in respect of the publication of a magazine which contained advertisements inviting readers to engage in homosexual acts, the House of Lords was split about whether
a common law offence of conspiracy to outrage public decency existed.
In its report Conspiracy and Criminal Law Reform (1976), Law Com No 76, the Law Commission recommended that
the common law offence of outraging public decency be abolished.
In R v Rimmington; R v Goldstein [2005] UKHL 63, [2006] 2 All ER 257 — a public nuisance case — Lord Bingham made it clear that where a person's conduct falls within the scope of a statutory offence, «good practice and respect for the primacy of statute» calls for a prosecution under that provision rather than
a common law offence in the absence of «good reason for doing otherwise».
Wolchover also argues that the prime minister and senior ministers may have committed
the common law offence of misconduct in public office by wilfully misconstruing the referendum as decisive.
To be guilty of
the common law offence of gross negligence manslaughter, a company had to be in gross breach of a duty of care owed to the victim.
On 9 January 2007, the Attorney General issued Guidance on the Use of
the Common Law Offence of Conspiracy to Defraud.
He was charged with
the common law offence of outraging public decency.
Nevertheless, some at least of
the common law offence will survive, and if the Bill becomes law in its present form, then the procedural limitations in the 1961 Act will have been removed.
The only exception being
the common law offence of contempt of court pursuant to s. 9 of the Criminal Code.
A common law offence of blasphemy will continue to exist, though its scope is entirely unclear (the historical evolution of modern blasphemy law as described by the Law Reform Commission's 1991 Consultation Paper and Report on the Crime of Libel and by my colleague Dr Neville Cox in his magisterial Blasphemy and the Law (Edwin Mellen Press, NY, 2000)-RRB-.
First, ACSA 2001, s 108 amended the existing statutory offences to ensure that: -
The common law offence of bribery extends to people holding public office outside the UK.
In both cases these are Inchoate offenses there are a whole bunch of
common law offences you could be charged with depending on the specific facts, including:
These are
the common law offences of bribery and misconduct in public office, the Public Bodies Corrupt Practices Act 1889 (PBCPA 1889) and the Prevention of Corruption Acts, Acts dealing with specific mischief such as the Sale of Offices Act 1809, the Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925, and the Representation of the People Act 1983, ss 107, 109 and 111 — 115.
Many of
these common law offences have been abolished in many jurisdictions but where this is so, they have been replaced with similar statutory offences.