Not exact matches
Service businesses are best valued on revenue and profitability since there are few hard assets, while production assets of
companies in manufacturing
tend to be substantial drivers of
valuation along with revenue and profitability.
In fact, according to a 2014 IBISWorld report on «Business
Valuation Firms in the U.S.,» 98 percent of business owners don't know the value of their
company; those that do
tend to be large
companies that have the finances and resources available to them to find out.
So rounds
tend to be «range bound» where prices at the top end of the
valuation spectrum often being done in boom markets (i.e. 2007, 2011) and for the hottest of
companies test the top end of the range, and in bad markets for fund raising (2003, 2008) test the bottom end of the range.
It also suggested that relative
valuations and a strong dollar would
tend to present greater opportunities for
companies to help expand their footprint in new overseas markets.
Grainger's 10 - year average P / E ratio has been 19.0 (see the dark blue box in the right panel), meaning that the market has
tended to value it about 27 % higher than the historic
valuation of all the
companies at 15.0.
Companies that pay in cash
tend to be more careful when calculating bids and
valuations come closer to target.
The sell - side in these types of situations
tends to value
companies at peak multiples of trough earnings, and only shifts to the more mid-cycle earnings and
valuation we use when there's clear evidence the cycle has turned.
Cardinal's 10 - year average P / E ratio has been 16 instead of 15, meaning that the market has
tended to value CAH a little higher than its historic
valuation of all the
companies.
That brings us to the next potential risk — the risk that the largest
companies in the S&P 500 Index also
tend to be overvalued when compared with their 10 - year average price / earnings (P / E) ratio.2 According to our research taking these
valuation measures into account, 70 % of the 10 largest stocks in the S&P 500 Index were overvalued, as of December 31, 2015 and 56 % of the top 25 stocks are overvalued, the very same ones that make up a third of the index allocation.
And that's why value investing
tends to work:
companies with cheap
valuations improve, and multiples expand.
Companies tend to sell stock when it is advantageous; IPOs happen more frequently when
valuations are high, and buybacks happen more frequently when
valuations are low.
Value investors
tend to focus far too much attention on this potential change in the
valuation multiple, and often ignore what's otherwise a
company that offers a poor return on capital.
This is radically different from my
valuation last year, which now looks plain silly, but distressed
companies tend to enjoy (or suffer) such binary outcomes.
And so, accordingly, it
tends to attract pretty dissimilar investor constituencies, who may only focus on: i) a handful of the largest caps, regardless of
valuation & exposure, ii) stocks which (may) offer cheap / alternative access to overseas growth (a surprisingly large number of Irish
companies are UK / Europe / globally focused), iii) stocks offering domestic exposure (notably, economic pure - plays are actually pretty rare), iv) a listed commercial & residential property sector that's only emerged in the past couple of years, and finally (& perhaps most notoriously) v) a (junior) resource stock sector that's been decimated in the last few years.
I
tend to think the other aspects of the
company's story will provide a much more important tailwind for FIG & its
valuation over time.
If you add in some quality metrics (eg, to filter out miners over-investing), this
tends to throw up situations where metrics like ROE may have been impeded by some temporary setback (which might affect your
valuation models negatively), but where the underlying cash flow / quality of earnings remains strong, or small growing
companies where cash flow is improving at a faster rate than earnings, and it's just a matter of time before earnings (and therefore
valuation) catch up.
I find that if I haircut my (relatively debt - free) equity
valuation by the value of excess debt, on average it
tends to capture an appropriate value for the
company.
On the other hand, when investing at sound
valuations, utility stocks do
tend to produce significantly more cumulative dividend income than the average
company.
I
tend to find the Price / Sales ratio a far more useful & robust
valuation approach — it's less volatile, far less prone to manipulation, and it better approximates how corporate / PE acquirers value
companies.
New stock
tends to be offered at a time when
valuations are high, and
companies tend to be taken private when
valuations are low.
2) Middle - sized
companies tend to do best from a
valuation standpoint: the large have nowhere to grow, and the small are always questionable on their viability.
After all, highly valued
companies use their stock as currency to buy stocks with lesser
valuations, and stocks with low
valuations tend to buy back stock or increase dividends.
In our experience, compounders
tend to keep compounding, so we're slow to sell unless something in the business or
company has fundamentally changed or if the
valuation has just become extreme» Peter Keefe