Sentences with phrase «compare with observations»

The model mean is not a good thing to compare with observations that have natural variability on decadal scales.

WG1's reports spend a great deal of time comparing models with each other and have very little on how models compare with observations.

Because the models are not deterministic, multiple simulations are needed to compare with observations, and the number of simulations conducted by modeling centers are insufficient to create a pdf with a robust mean; hence bounding box approaches (assessing whether the range of the ensembles bounds the observations) are arguably a better way to establish empirical adequacy.

As its name implies, the 120 - foot long horn antenna was used to gather data that could be used to compare with observations made by the big dish telescopes.

There was also a statistically significant absolute 10.3 percent improvement in the 5 - year overall survival rate (20.7 percent vs. 10.4 percent) and a 4.5 percent improvement in the 10 - year survival rate (12.2 percent vs. 7.7 percent), compared with observation alone.

In fact, the calculation has been done very carefully by Hansen and co-workers, taking all factors into consideration, and when compared with observations of ocean heat storage over a period long enough for the observed changes to be reliably assessed, models and observations agree extremely well (see this article and this article.).

The evaluation of the model leaves much to be desired: no differences are shown compared with observations, and some errors are large.

Hansen et al. (1995) used a simplified GCM to investigate the impacts of various climate forcings on the diurnal cycle of surface air temperature and compared them with observations.

Comparing with the observations graph — I posted that — it doesn't look to me that the predicted sunspots * were * 20 %.

Detailed radiative balance can not be computed or compared with observation, if you have no observations, only computations from extrapolations, and insecure molecular and particulate data.

As I said, when comparing with observations over the short period being considered here, it makes more sense to compare with models that include natural internal variability (i.e.: GCMs — as in the final version) than against models that do not include this and only include externally - forced changes (ie: Simple Climate Models, SCMs, — as in the SOD version).

The point I want to make (and I made this point point in the Uncertainty Monster paper) is globally, the modeled spectral density of the variability, when compared with observations, is too high for periods of ~ 8 - 17 years, and too low for periods of 40 - 70 years.

Both simulations exhibit cold biases compared with observations over WCan, with the bias exacerbated at higher resolution, suggesting little added value for temperature overall.

Then the expectations can be compared with observations, as the figures show.

The TOGA ensemble correctly placed the maximum high - latitude circulation trend in the South Pacific sector, but overall simulated too zonally symmetric of a response compared with observations.

Microwave brightness temperatures are simulated at SSM / I frequencies and are compared with the observations.

Let's look in more detail at the paper's key figure, the one that looks at past and (forecast) future global temperatures, «Hindcast / forecast decadal variations in global mean temperature, as compared with observations and standard climate model projections» (click to enlarge)

Indeed, since in general GCMs significantly overestimate aerosol forcing compared with observations, they need to embody a high climate sensitivity or they would underestimate historical warming and be consigned to the scrapheap.

Certainly, the simulations were compared with observations, and those that included an anthropogenic component fared better.

[1] An emergent constraint on ECS is a quantitative measure of an aspect of GCMs» behaviour (a metric) that is well correlated with ECS values in an ensemble of GCMs and can be compared with observations, enabling the derivation of a narrower (constrained) range of GCM ECS values that correspond to GCMs whose metrics are statistically - consistent with the observations.

The climate models are evaluated in hindcast mode, comparing them with observations over the 20th century.

(Left) Sea surface temperature averaged over the North Atlantic (75 - 7.5 W, 0 - 60N), in the HADGEM2 - ES model (ensemble mean red; standard deviation yellow) compared with observations (black), as discussed in Booth et al 2012.

Not exact matches

Once the patent search is completed, you can compare your invention with previous developments and answer two questions, neither of which necessarily requires legal expertise, although the observations of an experienced patent professional can be helpful:

That last point touches upon another observation made by BAML — that while stocks certainly look pricey, certain areas of the market are actually attractively priced, at least compared with recent months.

We know it occurred because we observe it occurring today and we can compare their reports with our own observations.

He could well have added that unless you have a theory that can be expressed mathematically and which enables you to calculate those numbers and compare them with your measurements they are worthless observations.

Now, compare her children or grandchildren, who are standing in the doorway watching, with my children, who think that chicken comes from a kindly old Kentuckian with a white goatee, and one arrives at an observation and then a question of wider than cultural significance.

Without a solid 200 - 400 years of observation, there would be NO WAY to use records to compare now to then, and that would be with GOOD record keeping standards, and even then it wouldn't be entirely conclusive.

It will be nice if you can come up with how many misplaced passes arsenal makes in a match compare to successful passes to support your observation.

Instead of bluffing his opinion why don't you come up with your own observation and conclusion regarding the the topic and then we can compare?

Balancing with M&M's is a fun activity that works on measuring, comparing, making observations, counting, and more.

Independent observations of change were on the whole smaller than parent - report (SMD of 0.4 compared with 0.7), and very few (7/25) of the included studies had provided an independent assessment of outcome.

From personal observation in the North, there seems much less interest in English Votes for English Laws (EVEL) compared with devolution.

Using this framework, cosmologists can perform computer simulations of the universe to make predictions that can be compared with actual observations.

The researchers compared their findings with observations of glacier melt from 1930 to 2017, and found that the fastest - melting glaciers tended to be those more exposed to melting from below.

Images of disgusted faces elicited less activation in the insular cortex, which processes feelings and observations of disgust, compared with a control group.

Any gap in satellite coverage is not just a short - term problem: it would compromise future research, because scientists would not be able to accurately compare observations made before the gap with those from afterward.

That would fit with observations that the ridges are very smooth compared with the rugged polar regions, implying they are made from fine particles similar to those found in Saturn's rings.

Researchers from the University of Georgia compared visual observations of redhorse fish species in northern Georgia rivers with sound recordings to identify spawning signatures — patterns of sound waves related to the disturbance of gravel as the fish released eggs and milt.

Detailed observations of high - mass stars have been considered difficult so far because high - mass stars form in a complex environment with multiple protostars in clusters, and their forming regions are located farther away from the Earth compared to those of low - mass stars.

In a separate study, Eric Perlman of the Florida Institute of Technology and his colleagues compared computer simulations of blurring from quantum foam with observations from the Chandra X-ray observatory.

Ellis» observations of the droplets compared well with those of numerical simulations done by Assistant Professor Luca Giomi and postdoctoral researcher Daniel Pearce at the Instituut - Lorentz for Theoretical Physics at the Universiteit Leiden in The Netherlands.

Observations of capuchins foraging for surface - dwelling insects showed that color - blind capuchins made nearly 20 insect - capture attempts per hour, compared with only about 16 for those with normal color vision.

Observations and results Was the actual volume of juice in some juice boxes much closer to the calculated volume than when compared with other boxes?

These dust particles have surprisingly diverse mineral content and structure as compared with models of interstellar dust based on previous astronomical observations.

The filter Nakata developed and then refined with help from his Stanford colleagues represents a new way of processing the ambient noise by comparing each observation to every other observation, which boosts the body - wave signal while reducing the noise.

The Porto team took their reference spectrum for the star 51 Pegasi and compared it with new, very sensitive observations.

Nesvorný and his colleagues followed particles released in their model from various types of comets or from asteroids and compared the particles» fates with observations of the zodiacal dust cloud.

The models were run without the influence of greenhouse gases, so that the scientists could compare those results with the observations from 33 years of satellite precipitation data.

The team compared these recovering communities with observations made in 1968 before the largest nuclear tests.