To help clarifying this debate, researchers at the University of Helsinki
compared skull shape and size, by including more than 300 species of lizards and snakes at both embryonic and adult stages.
If
we compare the skull shape and appearance of the English Bulldog of today with a skull from the same breed from fifty years ago the change is quite dramatic.
Not exact matches
Differences in age and sex, says Tattersall, can not account for the wide variation in features such as jaw and brow
shape not only among Dmanisi
skulls, but also when
compared with H. erectus fossils from other sites.
Using a statistics - based technique to
compare their
shape and size with the
skulls of many other hominins, Harvard University paleoanthropologist Philip Rightmire found that only one of the Dmanisi
skulls — at 730 cubic centimeters — fits «comfortably within the confines of H. erectus.»
In 2009 forensic anthropologist Ann Ross developed software called 3D - ID that
compares three - dimensional coordinates on a
skull to a database of physical characteristics, such as the
shape of the forehead.
Scientists have finally been able to tackle a much - debated topic about the
shape of Neanderthals»
skulls compared to modern humans.
Researchers used a method that allowed them to statistically quantify variation in the
shape of predatory bird
skulls and see how this
shape variation
compared with size, what the birds ate and how they are related to each other.
Some of these have been applied to
compare potential jaw pressure of varying sizes and
skull shapes.