«(B) except as provided in paragraph (5) or (6), the quantity of the international offset credits is determined by
comparing the national emissions from deforestation relative to a national deforestation baseline for that country established, in accordance with an agreement or arrangement described in subsection (b)(2)(A), pursuant to paragraph (4);
As Professor Green mentioned, the singular focus on emissions is pervasive, and in some cases understandable (for instance,
comparing national emissions accounts — measured in MTCO2 — is often much easier than harmonizing and comparing trade - adjusted energy consumption — measured variously in Mtoe, GWhs, bbls, EJs, etc etc).
«(B) except as provided in paragraph (5) or (6), the quantity of the international offset credits is determined by
comparing the national emissions from deforestation relative to a national deforestation baseline for that country established, in accordance with an agreement or arrangement described in subsection (b)(2)(A), pursuant to paragraph (4);
Not exact matches
Indonesia's
national plan to cut
emissions, officially called an intended nationally determined contribution, or INDC, committed the country to reduce
emissions 29 percent by 2030
compared with business - as - usual projected
emissions and a conditional 41 percent reduction with international support.
«The gap between the scale of global ambitions and the scale of
national offerings has been clear to the research community for a long time, but the Kyoto Protocol's focus on near - term
emissions reductions... coupled with the scientific focus on long - term stabilization of climate at some unspecified point in the future has long given negotiators an out: they have been able to
compare near - term actions without having to square them with long - term goals, rather like guys in a pub arguing about whose round it is while never actually having to settle up the bill,» Frame said in an email.
We will need to wait until the 16 academic - lead studies are completed to
compare them with the
national top - down
emissions rate reported by Miller et al. for fossil fuel related
emissions, including end uses and natural leakage, neither of which is being measured in these studies.
The number of ERCs each NGCC can produce is based on a complex combination of factors, including how much better the NGCC unit's
emission rate is
compared to the
national fossil steam
emission performance rate, the distribution of the total possible incremental generation across all NGCC units, and the total net energy output from the NGCC unit in the year for which ERCs are being calculated.
At Pocosin Lakes
National Wildlife Refuge, Conservancy researchers monitored carbon dioxide
emissions at a restored site and
compared that data to
emissions from a site that was not restored.
Compared to the first
national communications, there were no significant changes in diverging assumptions regarding differentiating natural and anthropogenic activities and the manner of reporting
emissions from these activities.
• characterize
national emissions • explore alternative
emission reduction scenarios • calculate country - level health, agriculture and global climate benefits •
compare results across alternative scenarios • inform nationally appropriate action on SLCPs
California, which leads the «union» states in carbon - reducing policies, cut
emissions by 1.5 million metric tons in 2013 (
compared with 2012); at the same time, its economy grew at a faster pace than the
national average.
In 2006, the European Union (EU), which consists of 27 members, committed to reducing its global warming
emissions by at least 20 percent of 1990 levels by 2020, to consuming 20 percent of its energy from renewable sources by 2020, and to reducing its primary energy use by 20 percent from projected levels through increased energy efficiency.1 The EU has also committed to spending $ 375 billion a year to cut greenhouse gas
emissions by at least 80 percent by 2050
compared to 1990 levels.2 The EU is meeting these goals through binding
national commitments which vary depending on the unique situation of a given country but which average out to the overall targets.
However, the
National Energy Technical Laboratory's (or NETL) just released «Life Cycle GHG Perspective on Exporting LNG from the U.S.» found that there are 50 percent more
emissions from the natural gas export supply chain
compared to coal's supply chain, offsetting the gains due to lower pollution from combustion.
The research, led by Australian researchers from the CSIRO and Bureau of Meteorology, predicts that Australia's
national average temperature will increase by 2.8 - 5.1 °C by 2090 in a high
emissions scenario,
compared to 0.6 - 1.7 °C under a low global
emissions scenario.
A key point to recognize is that negotiating the minimum price would be much simpler
compared to negotiating a complete set of individual
national emissions caps.
In this regard media coverage that
compares national commitments with other nations» commitments without acknowledging that equity and justice considerations could lead to morally different
emissions reductions should be avoided because these comparisons are potentially misleading
National emissions changed substantially in 2017
compared to 2016 for several countries (see figure).
What, after all, should a
national emissions pledge be
compared to?
The ultimate goal is to achieve a 35 % reduction in
national emissions by 2030
compared to 2005 levels.
Even sticking with gas - only scooters, the survey findings, when
compared to Department of Energy
national averages on fuel consumption, found that more extensive scooter use could save up to 14 million gallons of gas per day and reduce carbon dioxide
emissions by 324 million pounds per day.
First, the
national pledges of action that countries — northern and southern, large and small — have committed to deliver to the UN Secretariat, the pledges in which they lay out their
emission - reduction action plans, have to get a whole lot easier to read and
compare and interpret.
For example, according to the
National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), a new pulverized - coal plant (operating at lower, «subcritical» temperatures and pressures) reduces the
emission of NOx (nitrogen oxides) by 86 percent, SO2 (sulfur dioxide) by 98 percent, and particulate matter by 99.8 percent, as
compared with a similar plant having no pollution controls.