After
comparing sodium intake to heart disease risk, they came to a startling conclusion.
Intersalt, a large study published in 1988,
compared sodium intake with blood pressure in subjects from 52 international research centers and found no relationship between sodium intake and the prevalence of hypertension.
But as a paper pointed out several years later in the American Journal of Hypertension, scientists had little luck finding such associations when
they compared sodium intakes within populations, which suggested that genetics or other cultural factors might be the culprit.
But as a paper pointed out several years later in the American Journal of Hypertension, scientists had little luck finding such associations when
they compared sodium intakes within populations, which suggested that genetics or other cultural factors might be the culprit.
Not exact matches
To promote fluid
intake in kids, fluids containing
sodium (i.e. sports drinks) have been shown to increase voluntary drinking by 90 % and prevent dehydration
compared to drinking plain water.
Among them, a 2006 American Journal of Medicine study
compared the reported daily
sodium intakes of 78 million Americans to their risk of dying from heart disease over the course of 14 years.
They looked specifically at whether the relationship between
sodium (salt)
intake and death, heart disease and stroke differs in people with high blood pressure
compared to those with normal blood pressure.
The researchers showed that regardless of whether people have high blood pressure, low -
sodium intake is associated with more heart attacks, strokes, and deaths
compared to average
intake.
«Low
sodium intake reduces blood pressure modestly,
compared to average
intake, but low
sodium intake also has other effects, including adverse elevations of certain hormones which may outweigh any benefits.
Previous studies have shown that low -
sodium,
compared to average
sodium intake, is related to increased cardiovascular risk and mortality, even though low
sodium intake is associated with lower blood pressure.
To achieve this, or to establish causality, a randomized, controlled outcome trial to
compare reduced
sodium intake with usual diet is needed.
«The PURE study is observational in design and does not test directly whether reducing
sodium intake in a population reduces cardiovascular disease outcomes
compared to a comparable population, selected at random, that consumes moderate amounts of
sodium.»
The researchers found that people with a low
sodium intake (less than 3,000 mg) experienced a higher risk of heart attack, stroke, or heart failure,
compared to people who consumed between 3,000 mg and 6,000 mg a day.
Your
sodium intake is drastically increased
compared to a normal day.
CDC speculates that the observed association between low
sodium intake and increased CVD risk may have been due to a higher proportion of participants in the low
sodium group,
compared to groups with higher
intake levels, who had diabetes, hypertension, and pre-existing cardiovascular disease at baseline and therefore may have consumed less
sodium, leading to a noncausal association between
sodium intake and increased cardiovascular events.
Most importantly, the study found that
sodium excretion equal to the «adequate
intake» promoted by health officials of 1.5 grams per day was associated with a large increased risk of death and serious CVD events
compared to the average reference level of 4.5 grams per day (hazard ratio 1.80).
The study concluded that
compared with moderate
sodium intake of 4 to 5 grams per day (two to two and one - half teaspoons salt), high
sodium intake, greater than 7 grams per day is associated with a significantly increased risk of death and serious CVD events in hypertensive populations only, but not in the normotensive population.
The Paleo diet lowers the
intake of both
sodium and potassium
compared to todays Western diet
intake — it's widely agreed that secondary prevention of hypertension should include lowering a high salt
intake.
Among them, a 2006 American Journal of Medicine study
compared the reported daily
sodium intakes of 78 million Americans to their risk of dying from heart disease over the course of 14 years.
To guarantee both performance and reliability, more than 25 per cent of the engine's components are new
compared with the previous 230hp engine, including new
intake ports, reinforced reciprocal parts (pistons and conrods), new air / air and water / oil intercoolers,
sodium - cooled valves, and piston ring carriers.