Sentences with phrase «complex cell structures»

In contrast, prokaryotes are organisms, such as bacteria and archaea, that lack nuclei and other complex cell structures.

Not exact matches

Based on a 3D image such as an MRI scan, Aspect's machine builds relatively complex organic structures out of a «hydrogel» embedded within cells taken from the body and grown in a cell culture.

Recombinant DNA research has been done primarily on bacteria, one - celled organisms smaller than animal or plant cells and simpler in structure, yet capable of very complex chemical activity.

Studying mice, investigators from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis showed that a specific energy source called NAD is important in cells responsible for maintaining the overall structure of the brain and for performing complex cognitive functions.

Many of the mutations in ASD, Yan explained, result from chromatin remodeling factors, which are involved in dynamically changing the structure of chromatin, the complex of genetic material in the cell nucleus that condenses into chromosomes.

AS A species made up of eukaryotic cells complete with mitochondria, nuclei and other complex structures, it's easy for us Homo sapiens to look down on the far simpler prokaryotes, the cells of which lack such structures.

EPFL biologists and geneticists have uncovered how the circadian clock orchestrates the 24 - hour cycle of gene expression by regulating the structure of chromatin, the tightly wound DNA - protein complex of the cell.

Was there a chemical or genetic signal that induced stem cells to create the complex structures of the body and brain?

«We now have a handle on the detailed structure of a complex web of interactions that causes global dysfunction in cells resulting in degeneration of the brain.»

Scientists headed by Dr. Stevens Rehen differentiated human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into neural stem cells and into further complex tridimensional structures, known as neurospheres and brain organoids.

In order to function in the body, printed tissues need complex internal structures populated with living cells, or, in some cases, layers of cells on scaffolds.

A. Bartesaghi et al. 2.2 Å resolution cryo - EM structure of β - galactosidase in complex with a cell - permeant inhibitor.

A team from the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) has determined for the first time the high - resolution structure of a complex (R2TP) involved in key processes for cell survival and in diseases such as cancer.

«Structure of a protein complex related with cell survival revealed.»

Óscar Llorca and his team have used this technique to learn about the structure and functioning of a complex system called R2TP, which is involved in various key processes for cell survival such as the activation of the kinases mTOR, ATR and ATM, proteins that are the target of various cancer drugs currently being developed.

Lignin is a tough and highly complex molecule that gives the plant cell wall its rigid structure.

Over 2 weeks, they watched as the cells formed a more complex structure that quickly came to resemble natural vocal cords.

Taking inspiration from the biological building methods used in cells and the ECM, the Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, led by Prof. Zhang, has designed and synthesized a nanoscale toolkit of molecules that can interact together to assemble complex molecular structures.

Using normal kidney development as a roadmap, the BWH investigators developed an efficient method to create kidney precursor cells that self assemble into structures which mimic complex structures of the kidney.

Using a crystal structure of a complex protein compound of botulinum neurotoxin, Rongsheng Jin, associate professor of physiology & biophysics at UC Irvine, and collaborators found that these compounds — called clostridial hemagglutinin (HA)-- bind with epithelial cell proteins in the intestines of patients, which initiates a process that disrupts the close intercellular seals so that the complex toxin molecules can slip through the epithelial barrier.

«Investigators create complex kidney structures from human stem cells derived from adults: New technique offers model for studying disease, progress toward cell therapy.»

Her team decided to try a cell - growing approach, called 3D cultures, that's been successful for other types of cells that need to form complex structures as they grow.

By providing a first look at the structure of the protein complex that includes FGF23 and its co-receptors, the FGF receptor and a-Klotho, the most recent study challenges the long - accepted belief that only the cell - attached form of aKlotho can serve as a receptor for FGF23 and hence that FGF23 action is restricted to tissues having the cell - attached form.

Others, like that of Stigmatella aurantiaca, are more complex branching structures in which some cells form the support structure and only some get to form spores.

Rutgers University scientists have discovered the three - dimensional structure of a gene - specific transcription activation complex, providing the first structural and mechanistic description of the process cells use to turn on, or activate, specific genes in response to changes in cell type, developmental state and environment.

The 1 - 3 millimeter granuloma also contains fibrous and necrotic tissue as well as a number of other types of immune cells, making it an extremely complex structure.

The circuits the researchers built are the largest ever published to date in eurkaryotic cells, which, like human cells, contain a nucleus and other structures that enable complex behaviors.

To realize the full potential of stem cells, we must learn to reconstitute them into more complex tissues and structures.

The structure of this complex, determined using cryo - electron microscopy, shows how it converts near - infrared light into an electrical charge in order to power cell metabolism, which enables this bacterium to live at the extreme red limit of photosynthesis on Earth.

«The mouth part of the cell is used for feeding and represents a rather large and complex structure.

«It took us around four years to discover that phthalocyanine, which is a blue paint used on the surface of the Japanese bullet trains and road signs, could bind competitively to the HasA protein,» adds Ms. Chikako Shirataki, a PhD student in her final year, «crystal structures of metal protein complexes helped us to show that the phthalocyanine - bound HasA protein blocks the receptors on the cell surface of the bacterium and thus, inhibits the uptake of heme.»

«These junctions, micron - sized spots on cell membranes, are very complex molecular structures.

Before scientists and engineers can realize the dream of using stem cells to create replacements for worn out organs and battle damaged body parts, they'll have to develop ways to grow complex three - dimensional structures in large volumes and at costs that won't bankrupt health care systems.

His team found distinct cellular structures inside the fossils characteristic of red algae, which are eukaryotic, meaning they have complex cells, like plants and humans.

«We found that Asgard archaea share many genes uniquely with eukaryotes, including several genes that are involved in the formation of structures that give eukaryotic cells their complex character.

Scientists have peered into the eye - like structure of single - celled marine plankton called warnowiids and found it contains many of the components of a complex eye.

It is a complex, highly organised, structure, whose function relies on vast networks containing two main groups of nerve cells, or neurons: pyramidal neurons and interneurons.

This ups the chance that membranes could grow large enough to support complex structures, such as cell innards.

«Palladin is a big molecule that's part of a complex important for cell structure and mobility,» says study co-author David Whitcomb, a pathologist at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania.

Experiments with mouse embryo support cells that express mutant DUB or pseudo-DUB proteins show an impaired immune response when infected with a virus and impaired DNA damage repair when exposed to ionizing radiation, further validating the need for complex's correct structure.

This structure is in complex with an oxido - reductase β subunit of the kind that can regulate mammalian Kv channels in their native cell environment.

In studies of neural development in mice, Stahl found that TRNP1 produces a protein that determines whether neural stem cells self - replicate, leading to a balloonlike expansion of cortical surface area, or whether they differentiate into a plethora of intermediate stem cell types and neurons, thickening the cortex and forming more complex brain structures.

Heparanase is a long - studied protein in human tissues involved in breaking down the complex sugars of the «extracellular matrix» — the material surrounding cells that provides structure and stability.

Proteins, the components of our body that execute, control and organize basically all functions in our cells, are made out of strings of amino acids, which — like an origami — are folded into specific and complex three - dimensional structures according to their desired functions.

To overcome the problem of visualizing chromatin in an intact nucleus, O'Shea's team screened a number of candidate dyes, eventually finding one that could be precisely manipulated with light to undergo a complex series of chemical reactions that would essentially «paint» the surface of DNA with a metal so that its local structure and 3D polymer organization could be imaged in a living cell.

In his original work, Zhang was able to enlist a complex of molecules known as photosystem - I (PS - I), the tiny structures within plant cells that carry out photosynthesis.

Abraham Kupfer describes the three - dimensional structure of supramolecular activation clusters (SMACs), the interface between an antigen presenting cell and a lymphocyte (including key molecules the T cell receptor and the major histocompatibility complex), [i] later coined the immunological synapse and further elucidated by Arash Grakoui, Michael Dustin, Paul Allen, and Andrey Shaw.

Reporting in the journal Nature, Stanley G. Nathenson and his colleague Steven C. Almo, at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, [i] and William S. Somers and colleagues at Wyeth Research in Cambridge, MA, [ii] crystallize and solve the 3D structure of the powerful negative T cell regulatory molecule CTLA - 4 in complex with its ligand B - 7.

CRI presents the 1993 Coley Award to Pamela Bjorkman, Jack Strominger, and Don Wiley for solving the structure of the MHC - antigen complex; to John Kappler and Philippa Marrack for the isolation of the T cell receptor; and to Alvaro Morales for establishing the effectiveness of BCG in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer.

Our results emphasize that a complex interaction between fluid flow and cell adhesiveness can underlie emergent patterns of biofilm genetic structure.