Sentences with phrase «complex eukaryotes»

Unlike the prokaryotic bacteria (and archaea), the more complex eukaryotes have a nucleus and other organelles within the cell and so are also bigger.

After comparing the sequence to those of a variety of other organisms, the researchers concluded that the Mimivirus lineage dates back some 3.3 billion years to the separation of early life into three major divisions: archaea, bacteria, and the more complex eukaryotes.

Not exact matches

But life itself, is incredibly complex, even the simplest protists and eukaryotes are beyond our ability to make in a lab.

«In its 4.6 billion years circling the sun, the Earth has harbored an increasing diversity of life forms: for the last 3.6 billion years, simple cells (prokaryotes); for the last 3.4 billion years, cyanobacteria performing ph - otosynthesis; for the last 2 billion years, complex cells (eukaryotes); for the last 1 billion years, multicellular life; for the last 600 million years, simple animals; for the last 550 million years, bilaterians, animals with a front and a back; for the last 500 million years, fish and proto - amphibians; for the last 475 million years, land plants; for the last 400 million years, insects and seeds; for the last 360 million years, amphibians; for the last 300 million years, reptiles; for the last 200 million years, mammals; for the last 150 million years, birds; for the last 130 million years, flowers; for the last 60 million years, the primates, for the last 20 million years, the family H - ominidae (great apes); for the last 2.5 million years, the genus H - omo (human predecessors); for the last 200,000 years, anatomically modern humans.»

for the last 3.6 billion years, simple cells (prokaryotes); for the last 3.4 billion years, cyanobacteria performing photosynthesis; for the last 2 billion years, complex cells (eukaryotes); for the last 1 billion years, multicellular life; for the last 600 million years, simple animals; for the last 550 million years, bilaterians, animals with a front and a back; for the last 500 million years, fish and proto - amphibians; for the last 475 million years, land plants; for the last 400 million years, insects and seeds; for the last 360 million years, amphibians; for the last 300 million years, reptiles; for the last 200 million years, ma - mmals; for the last 150 million years, birds; for the last 130 million years, flowers; for the last 60 million years, the primates, for the last 20 million years, the family H - ominidae (great apes); for the last 2.5 million years, the genus H - omo (human predecessors); for the last 200,000 years, anatomically modern humans.

«By studying its genome, we found that Loki represents an intermediate form in - between the simple cells of microbes, and the complex cell types of eukaryotes,» says Thijs Ettema.

Despite that archaeal cells were simple and small like bacteria, researchers found that Archaea were more closely related to organisms with complex cell types, a group collectively known as «eukaryotes».

A similarity in appearance and conformational behavior of yeast and murine complexes indicates a conservation of Mediator structure among eukaryotes.

This observation has puzzled scientists for decades: How could the complex cell types from eukaryotes have emerged from the simple cells of Archaea?

Eukaryotes are the most structurally complex known cell type, and by definition are in part organized by smaller interior compartments, that are themselves enclosed by lipid membranes that resemble the outermost cell membrane.

Biologists have proposed that this swallowing event, perhaps 1.8 billion years ago, led to complex cells with membrane - wrapped organelles, the hallmark of all eukaryotes from amoebas to zebras.

The phylogenetic mosaic of chlamydial genes, including a large number of genes with phylogenetic origins from eukaryotes, implies a complex evolution for adaptation to obligate intracellular parasitism.

Though little is known about Loki, scientists hope that it will help to resolve one of biology's biggest mysteries: how life transformed from simple single - celled organisms to the menagerie of complex life known as eukaryotes — a category that includes everything from yeast to azaleas to elephants.

The second option, sometimes called the slow - drip or mitochondria - late theory, posits that proto - eukaryotes had already begun to develop complex features — particularly the ability to engulf prey — when the mitochondria came onboard.

Yeasts, like humans, are eukaryotes: They have complex DNA packaged in chromosomes and riddled with introns (pieces of DNA that don't contribute to the final protein) and «junk DNA» with no known purpose.

On the other are the eukaryotes, whose complex cells have internal membranes, skeletons and transport systems.

The reason for the disparity may be that the standard computer annotation method was largely developed for the genomes of simple (prokaryotic) organisms, not for the more complex sequences found in the genomes of humans and other eukaryotes.

Such genes had thus far only been found in eukaryotes, indicating that these archaea were somehow primed to become complex.

Whereas the cells of bacteria and archaea are generally small and simple, eukaryotes are made up of large and complex cell types.

«We found that Asgard archaea share many genes uniquely with eukaryotes, including several genes that are involved in the formation of structures that give eukaryotic cells their complex character.

Eukaryotes include plants and animals and have more complex cells with a nucleus and other organelles enclosed in a membrane.

We are especially interested in the role of Cullin - RING complexes, the largest class of E3 ubiquitin ligases in eukaryotes.

Genome - reconstruction for eukaryotes from complex natural microbial communities — Patrick T West, Genome Research

In eukaryote organisms (almost all large organisms, such as animals, plants, and fungi, but not bacteria), DNA forms a complex with proteins that are called histones.

Despite that archaeal cells were simple and small like bacteria, Woese found that Archaea were more closely related to organisms with complex cell types, a group collectively known as «eukaryotes».

All species of large complex organisms are eukaryotes, including animals, plants and fungi, although most species of eukaryote are protist microorganisms.

Though newly discovered Asgard group are not eukaryotes, they share some important similarities — including genes that were thought to exist only in complex cells.

Asgard is a group of microbes, described for the first time in the journal Nature this week, that may well include the organism that gave rise to all complex life — from the tiniest eukaryotes to the tallest redwoods, the dinosaurs and us.

However, sexual reproduction in higher eukaryotes is more complex than meiosis alone, and has evolved independently in plants and animals.

Complex sterols are unique to eukaryotes and producing them is an oxygen - intensive process.

The audience voted after the presentations and chose the first prizewinner to be «Complex archaea that bridge the gap between prokaryotes and eukaryotes» presented by Anja Spang.

Eukaryotes are far more complex than prokaryotes and thus far more difficult to genetically engineer.