With respect to developing a more
adequate conception of power, the solution does not consist of choosing between the alternatives of producing an effect or of undergoing an effect.
Those who conceptualize within the imagery of nonrelational or substantive modes of thought, and / or who find it difficult to transcend the traditional
conception of power as unilateral, may also be uneasy with the conception of relational power.
An artist's
conception of the power of computational design to explore and illuminate structured peptides across the vast energy landscape.
When love is contrasted with power, we need to be aware that «it is the linear [unilateral] conception of power that is regarded as the antithesis of love.»
I suggest that a
linear conception of power is a reasonably faithful interpretation of the official creed of the Republican Party in this country.
Under the relational
conception of power what is truly for the good of any one or all of the relational partners is not a preconceived good.
But surely this prophecy is not warranted if the meek are understood to be spineless doormats who live in terms of a unilaterally
feminine conception of power.
I mention this context at some length in order to emphasize the point that the
dominant conception of power is describable in terms of qualities that have been traditionally associated with the masculine.
The two
conceptions of power Loomer explores in his essay build directly upon distinctions which Charles Hartshorne has developed over the years and contribute some empirical underpinnings for Hartshorne's conceptuality.
Along with feminist theologies, as well as thinkers such as Fox and Swimme, process theologians have seen a profound relationship between the substantialist, mechanistic, deterministic view of reality and its unilateral
conception of power prevalent in the sciences, the male experience of self - sufficiency, independence, domination, the despoliation of the non-human natural world, and subjugation of women and indigenous peoples traditionally seen as close to nature.
Charles Birch expresses the view that the apparent helplessness of God to prevent earthquakes, peculiar genetic mutations, human horrors or the wasteful and random aspects of evolution in no way entails powerlessness except in terms of the
crudest conceptions of power:
In an appendix to the book Alcoholics Anonymous that was added 16 years after the original printing, Bill Wilson wrote about members who had had spiritual experiences that «with few exception our members find that they have tapped an unsuspected inner resource which they presently identify with their
own conception of a power greater than themselves.»
He did not publish extensively, but his essay on «Two [225] Conceptions of Power» in the journal Process Studies (1976) became a pivot around which considerable reflection turned.
When love is contrasted with power, as it is usually done within the Christian theological tradition, it needs to be noted that it is the
linear conception of power that is regarded as the antithesis of love.
[Editor's note: The original draft of this lecture, from which the type for part I was set, used the term «linear power» as the
first conception of power.
The interests of scientists and the theoretical and technological consequences of scientific research have been such that, on the whole, science has become a major contributor to and servant of the
traditional conception of power.
The
unilateral conception of power has endured in spite of the point, as noted earlier, that we all recognize it requires strength to absorb an effect.
2 Bernard Loomer's 1975 lecture on «Two
Conceptions of Power,» delivered at the University of Chicago Divinity School, seems to me to be the major statement clarifying the process contribution to the concept of power.
For a congenial discussion of power from the process perspective see Bernard M. Loomer, «Two
conceptions of power», Process Studies (spring, 1976), pp. 5 - 32.
The justification for
any conception of power consists ultimately of principles (or decisions or presuppositions) concerning value.
It is apparent that
this conception of power is grounded on a nonrelational or noncommunal view of the self.
By the same logic, a basic shift in
the conception of power should have consequences for a change in our understanding both of the nature of the self and of the basic nature of things.
Within
the conception of power as relational, size is fundamentally determined by the range and intensity of internal relationships one can help create and sustain.
But, under
this conception of power, the good that directs the exercise of influence on the other has the limitations of a preconceived good.
This conception of power is at home with Descartes» definition of a substance as that which requires nothing but itself (and God) in order to exist.
This conception of power takes on a darker color if the fact of inequality is united with the restive quality of human freedom.
The thesis of this lecture is that the nature and role of relationships determine both the level of human fulfillment that is possible and
the conception of power that is to be practiced.
To put the point in another way, it could be said that our lives and thought have been dominated by one conception of the nature and role of relationships, and thus of one
conception of power.
Bernard Loomer formulated an idea of relational power based upon the process - relational view of reality and in contrast to a linear or unilateral
conception of power.
Under
any conception of power, to refer to a person or group as powerless is to reduce that individual or group on the scale of value.
Second,
the conception of power is characterized in terms of either / or and not in terms of both / and.