These results can not be used to draw
conclusions about causation or the direction these associations take.
We can't jump to
conclusions about causation.
Cross-sectional data limit definitive
conclusions about causation.
States differ in ways that make drawing
conclusions about causation quite troublesome.
We can't jump to
conclusions about causation.
Not exact matches
«It's all
about identifying, first of all, the
causation, leading to the correlation [which then leads to] the
conclusion.»
But they point out that as this was an observational study no definitive
conclusions can be drawn
about cause and effect, especially as the findings might have been the result of reverse
causation — whereby those with tendon injuries did less exercise, so raising their cholesterol levels.
Still, some recent outbreaks of livestock / wildlife disease in Montana have invited speculation
about climate's role, although without definitive
conclusions regarding
causation.
Well the only thing that makes me suspicious
about drawing
conclusions from all of these nations where the people have a vegan or primarily vegan diet, is that I have done some research that claims the height can arise from genetics, as well as if a person is receiving enough food (now whether or not these studies went off of correlation and did not test actual
causation, I do not know).
More specifically in regard to the question of human
causation, opponents of climate change policies that deny human
causation should be expected to specifically respond to the numerous «foot - print» and «attribution» studies that the international community has relied on to make
conclusions about human
causation.
(Fingerprint studies draw
conclusions about human
causation that can be deduced from: (a) how the Earth warms in the upper and lower atmosphere, (b) warming in the oceans, (c) night - time vs day - time temperature increases, (d) energy escaping from the upper atmosphere versus energy trapped, (e) isotopes of CO2 in the atmosphere and coral that distinguish fossil CO2 from non-fossil CO2, (f) the height of the boundary between the lower and upper atmosphere, and (g) atmospheric oxygen levels decrease as CO2 levels increase.
Although there is strong agreement within the scientific community
about anthropogenic
causation of recent climate change, a large segment of the general public has doubts
about these
conclusions.