Researchers studying the effects on
concussions on athletes hope the new film Concussion will raise awareness about the effects of head trauma on the brain.
Here you will find articles about information on the latest research about the long - term effects of
concussion on an athlete's cognitive function, articles on whether the new state concussion safety laws are increasing concussion safety, advice on the academic accomodations concussed student - athletes often need when they return to the classroom, and about the latest in concussion research.
This course highlights the impact of sports - related
concussion on athletes, teaches how to recognize a suspected concussion, and provides protocols to manage a suspected concussion with steps to help players return to play safely after a concussion.
Not exact matches
On average, athletic trainers report 5 - 6 percent of
athletes suffer a
concussion each year.
However, when
athletes were educated
on what a
concussion is defined as, about 45 percent of them admit to having one in the past year.
The Mobb's 33 - man roster (twice the typical number for teams) also varies year to year: with injury (
concussions and ankle injuries are most common, though every game I attend has at least one
athlete on crutches), retirement, defections to other teams, and recruitments of formerly hated rivals.
(2)
On a yearly basis, a
concussion and head injury information sheet shall be signed and returned by the
athlete and the
athlete's parent or guardian before the
athlete's initiating practice or competition.
Moser brings to the subject matter a unique background: As a clinician who has treated hundreds if not thousands of concussed student -
athletes at the Sports
Concussion Center of New Jersey, she brings real world experience to the subject, not just as a neuropsychologist with specialized expertise
on baseline and post-
concussion neurocognitive testing but in the management and treatment of
concussions, including the academic accommodations that are often needed during the sometimes long road to recovery.
Available free of charge
on MomsTEAM's new SmartTeams
concussion website, the #TeamUp4ConcussionSafetyTM program, developed by MomsTEAM Institute as part of its SmartTeams Play SafeTM initiative with a Mind Matters Educational Challenge Grant from the National Collegiate Athletic Association and Department of Defense, is designed to do just that: to increase reporting by
athletes of
concussion symptoms by engaging coaches,
athletes, parents, and health care providers in a season - long, indeed career - long program which emphasizes that immediate reporting of
concussion symptoms - not just by
athletes themselves but by their teammate «buddies» - not only reduces the risk the
athlete will suffer a more serious brain injury - or, in rare cases, even death - but is actually helps the team's chances of winning, not just in that game, but, by giving
athletes the best chance to return as quickly as possible from
concussion, the rest of the season, and by teaching that honest reporting is a valued team behavior and a hallmark of a good teammate.
Our mission now, as it was in 2000, is to do everything we can to minimize the short - and long - term risks that
concussions, if not properly managed, pose to
athlete, and to provide objective and practical
concussion information to parents, coaches, and athletic trainers that reflects the latest consensus of medical experts and advances in research and technology
on best
concussion safety practices, all in the direct, concise, easy - to - read, practical format that has always been MomsTeam's hallmark.
One of the biggest hurdles to appropriate clinical management of sports
concussion is identifying
athletes for an initial assessment
on the sports sideline.
My reaction was one of sadness, frustration, and worry: sadness that a young
athlete simply assumed that he had CTE as a result of a single
concussion and considered it to be a death sentence; frustration that, despite concerted efforts by researchers and clinicians, along with some in the media, to set the record straight
on CTE, the prevailing media narrative continues to be that
concussions or repetitive subconcussive blows «cause» chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), that CTE «causes» former
athletes to commit suicide, and that such causal links are proven scientific fact (they're not); and, finally, worry: concern about the consequences of the football = CTE and CTE = suicide memes in the real world.
The well - publicized lawsuits by former players against the N.F.L., the suicide of Junior Seau, a «Chicken Little - sky is falling» mentality by some prominent
concussion experts and former
athletes, some of whom suggest that the sport is simply too dangerous to be played at all at the youth level, and continuing research
on the short - and long - term effects of
concussion on cognitive function and brain health, have created a pretty toxic environment for the sport.
The Consensus Statement
on Concussion in Sport of the 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sport in 2008 [1] included a Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT2)[2] for standardized assessment by medical and health professionals (team physicians, certified athletic trainers, neuropsychologists) of sports concussion in athletes ages 10 years
Concussion in Sport of the 3rd International Conference
on Concussion in Sport in 2008 [1] included a Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT2)[2] for standardized assessment by medical and health professionals (team physicians, certified athletic trainers, neuropsychologists) of sports concussion in athletes ages 10 years
Concussion in Sport in 2008 [1] included a Sport
Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT2)[2] for standardized assessment by medical and health professionals (team physicians, certified athletic trainers, neuropsychologists) of sports concussion in athletes ages 10 years
Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT2)[2] for standardized assessment by medical and health professionals (team physicians, certified athletic trainers, neuropsychologists) of sports
concussion in athletes ages 10 years
concussion in
athletes ages 10 years and older.
She pointed to one patient, a high school
athlete, who had clearly recovered from his
concussion - to the point that he was performing in the superior range
on neuropsychological testing and getting As in school - who was nevertheless so worried, anxious, and paranoid about hurting his head again that he thought he'd suffered another
concussion when he happened to turn his head quickly from side to side!
As someone who is usually in the position of moderating a discussion of
concussions or giving a keynote address at a conference or convention
on how to keep young
athletes safe, and given the deep knowledge I have
on the subject as a result of MomsTEAM's work as the «pioneer» in youth sports
concussion education, I have to admit I found myself in the somewhat unique position of knowing nearly as much about
concussions as some of the presenters.
Educating parents, players, coaches, and health care professionals
on the signs and symptoms of
concussion and the long - term health risks if
concussions are not identified early and treated conservatively, and the importance of creating an environment in which
athletes feel safe in reporting
concussion symptoms;
«There may be certain messages that are more likely to encourage
athletes to report concussive symptoms, such as focusing
on short - term outcomes (
concussions affect one's ability to play well) rather than long - term outcomes (playing with a
concussion can cause brain damage).
«Since my own son had just sustained a
concussion and I was aware that there is a gap in the state laws that protect our youth
athletes, I was motivated to draft the bylaw,» Beltz - Jacobson told me in an interview, a bylaw which she modeled
on the Brookline bylaw with her own enhancements.
In a position statement
on the management of sport - related
concussion published in the September 2004 issue of The Journal of Athletic Training, the National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA) refused to endorse any of the three approaches to
concussion management, but recommended that certified athletic trainers and team physicians, at the very least, «agree
on a philosophy for managing sport - related
concussions before the start of the athletic season,» and, after deciding
on an approach, «be consistent in its use regardless of the
athlete, sport, or circumstances surrounding the injury.»
[1 - 9] As a 2013 research paper [7] and a number of other recent studies [12 - 15] show, education alone (or at least that which focuses
on educating
athletes about the signs and symptoms of
concussion and not changing attitudes about reporting behavior) does not appear capable of solving the problem, because the reasons for under - reporting are largely cultural, [2,3,9,10, 12 - 15] leading the paper's author to conclude that «other approaches might be needed to identify injured
athletes.»
As a result, only time will tell whether they will fulfill the promise that many in the
concussion community see them as having, although I, for one, think they will eventually revolutionize the way in which
athletes are identified for remove - from - play screening
on the sports sideline, among other uses, and, within five years, are likely to be standard equipment for all contact and collision sports.
A lengthy, well - researched, and powerful article in the Spring 2015 issue of the NCAA's Champion magazine, not only reports the belief of many top
concussion experts that the media narrative about sports - related
concussion trace has been dominated by media reports
on the work of Dr. Ann McKee, which was the centerpiece of PBS Frontline's League of Denial, but Dr. McKee's, however belated, mea culpa that «There's no question [that her autopsies finding evidence of CTE in the brains of most of the former
athletes were] a very biased study,» that they involved «a certain level of... sensationalism», that there were «times when it's overblown» and went «a little too far.»
Because the Maddocks questions can be asked by anyone, they are valuable
on sports sidelines where no health care professional trained in performing a full sideline screening for
concussion, such as doctor or certified athletic trainer, is present, as is often the case in contact and collision sports involving younger
athletes.
Some also believe that one of the ways to combat the problem of under - reporting may be to avoid relying so much
on athletes to honestly self - report, or
on game officials and / or sideline observers to call for a
concussion assessment, but to instead employ technology to get around the problem altogether through
The problem, argues Bauman, is that too many media stories focus
on professional
athletes, CTE, and poor outcomes of prolonged
concussion (or sports exposure to repetitive head trauma), and [there are] too few stories about
athletes who make full recoveries and improve (even after years of
concussion symptoms).
The critical point to always keep in mind about impact sensors is that they are just another tool in the
concussion toolbox or, put another way, another set of eyes, with which to identify
athletes who (a) may have sustained impacts of sufficient magnitude that (b) may have resulted in some cases in
concussions, so that they (c) may be monitored for signs of
concussion, or (d) may be asked to undergo a balance, vision, and / or neurocognitive screen / assessment
on the sideline or in the locker room, the results of which (e) may suggest a removal from play for the remainder of the game and referral to a
concussion specialist for formal evaluation away from the sports sideline, which evaluation (f) may result in a clinical diagnosis of
concussion.
A straightforward, elegantly written, concise, and well - organized 215 pages, Back in the Game stands out in a crowded field, not just as a primer
on concussions for a parent, coach, or
athletes, but for its incisive and often pointed criticism of the way our national conversation about
concussions and the long - term effects of playing contact and collision sports has been shaped - some would say warped - by a media that too often eschews fact - based reporting in favor of sensationalism and fear - mongering.
Echlin's comments are echoed in the findings of a 2013 quantitative study focusing
on what drives the attitudes of high school
athletes [1] towards reporting
concussions («attitude study»), which found that coaches and teammates are the strongest influences
on an
athlete's intention to report
concussion.
Because impact sensors are not diagnostic, a team equipping its players with sensors must be careful not to rely
on the data transmitted by the sensors, or the triggering of an alert or alarm, as in any way determinative of whether an
athlete has or has not suffered a
concussion.
Question: How can an athletic trainer
on the sideline keep his or her eyes
on athletes on the field to watch for signs of
concussion if the AT has to be constantly monitoring the data coming from the sensors?
Interestingly, just days before the NFL's decision to suspend the use of impact sensors was announced, my local paper, The Boston Globe, came out with a powerful editorial in which it urged college, high school, and recreational leagues in contact and collision sports to consider mandating use of impact sensors, or, at the very least, experimenting with the technology, to alert the sideline personnel to hits that might cause
concussion, and to track data
on repetitive head impacts, which, a growing body of peer - reviewed evidence suggests, may result, over time, in just as much, if not more, damage to an
athlete's brain, as a single concussive blow, and may even predispose an
athlete to
concussion.
Impact sensors don't depend solely
on athletes to remove themselves from games or practices by reporting
concussion symptoms, or
on game officials or sideline personnel to observe signs of
concussion.
One way, I believe, to address the problem of under - reporting and increase the chances a
concussion will be identified early
on the sports sideline may be to rely less
on athletes themselves to remove themselves from games or practices by reporting
concussion symptoms (which the most recent study shows occurs at a shockingly low rate, [9] or
on game officials and sideline observers to observe signs of
concussion and call for a
concussion assessment, but to employ technology to increase the chances that a
concussion will be identified by employing impact sensors designed to monitor head impact exposure in terms of the force of hits (both linear and rotational), number, location, and cumulative impact, in real time at all levels of football, and in other helmeted and non-helmeted contact and collision sports, where practical, to help identify high - risk impacts and alert medical personnel
on the sideline so they can consider performing a
concussion assessment.
Parents and coaches will benefit from reduced reliance
on honest self - reporting of
concussion symptoms by
athletes and of the less - than - perfect observational skills of sideline management in spotting signs of
concussion;
According to a number of recent studies [1,2,5,13,18], while the culture of sport (including influences from professional and other
athletes), as well as the media and other outside sources play a role in the decision of student -
athletes to report experiencing
concussion symptoms, it is coaches and teammates, along with parents, who have the strongest influence
on the decision to report a
concussion during sport participation, with coaches being one of the primary barriers to increased self - reporting by
athletes of concussive symptoms.
An important, and well - established, part of an assessment for
concussion on the sports sideline under the most recent
concussion guidelines [1,2] is to test an
athlete's orientation to time and place by asking the so - called «Maddocks questions.»
Even today, with all the attention
on concussions, Safe Kids Worldwide found that half of all coaches surveyed believe there is an acceptable amount of head contact (i.e., getting their bell rung, seeing stars) young
athletes can receive without potentially causing a serious brain injury (fact is, there isn't).
My experience with the Newcastle football team in Oklahoma leads me to believe that, as long as impact sensors are strictly used for the limited purpose of providing real - time impact data to qualified sideline personnel, not to diagnose
concussions, not as the sole determining factor in making remove - from - play decisions, and not to replace the necessity for observers
on the sports sideline trained in recognizing the signs of
concussion and in conducting a sideline screening for
concussion using one or more sideline assessment tests for
concussion (e.g. SCAT3, balance, King - Devick, Maddocks questions, SAC)(preferably by a certified athletic trainer and / or team physician), and long as data
on the number, force, and direction of impacts is only made available for use by coaches and athletic trainers in a position to use such information to adjust an
athlete's blocking or tackling tec hnique (and not for indiscriminate use by those, such as parents, who are not in a position to make intelligent use of the data), they represent a valuable addition to a program's
concussion toolbox and as a tool to minimize repetitive head impacts.
I wanted to ask them for their reaction to a recent survey of college
athletes in contact and collision sports at the University of Pennsylvania which found that, despite being educated about the dangers of continuing to play with
concussion symptoms, most are still very reluctant to report symptoms because they want to stay in the game, and to comment
on reports that the N.F.L. players» union was against putting sensors in helmets that would alert the sideline to hits of a sufficient magnitude to cause
concussion, which may be the technological solution (or, in football parlance «end - around») to the chronic under - reporting problem.
When the SCAT2 was issued, superseding the original SCAT published in 2005, the authors recommended continued reliance
on the SAC until prospective studies could be conducted to assess the SCAT2's sensitivity (how good the test is in identifying
athletes with
concussion; for example, a test which is very sensitive will have few false negatives, rarely missing those later found to have
concussion) and specificity (a test with high specificity will have few false positives, rarely mis - classifying people without
concussion as having
concussion).
Concussion and Sports - Related Head Injury: Code 21-4-703 (2011) prohibits an athletic coach or trainer from allowing a student athlete to participate in a school athletic event on the same day that the athlete (1) exhibits signs, symptoms or behaviors consistent with a concussion or head injury after a coach, trainer, school official or student reports, observers or suspects that they have sustained a concussion or other head injury, or (2) has been diagnosed with a concussion or other he
Concussion and Sports - Related Head Injury: Code 21-4-703 (2011) prohibits an athletic coach or trainer from allowing a student
athlete to participate in a school athletic event
on the same day that the
athlete (1) exhibits signs, symptoms or behaviors consistent with a
concussion or head injury after a coach, trainer, school official or student reports, observers or suspects that they have sustained a concussion or other head injury, or (2) has been diagnosed with a concussion or other he
concussion or head injury after a coach, trainer, school official or student reports, observers or suspects that they have sustained a
concussion or other head injury, or (2) has been diagnosed with a concussion or other he
concussion or other head injury, or (2) has been diagnosed with a
concussion or other he
concussion or other head injury.
The student
athlete may return to play if, as a result of evaluating the student
athlete on site, the athletic trainer, physician, physician assistant or nurse practitioner determines that they do not have any signs or symptoms of a
concussion or brain injury.
Youth
athletes and their parents must annually review and return information
on concussion and head injury prior to their participation in practice or competition.
The policies must (1) Require the student
athlete and their parent or guardian to annually review and sign information
on concussions, (2) Require that a student
athlete suspected by their coach, athletic trainer or team physician of sustaining a
concussion or brain injury in a practice or game be removed from the activity at that time.
(1) Education of students, student
athletes, parents, sports officials, school faculty and staff, and school administrators
on the signs and symptoms of a
concussion and what to do if someone demonstrates any of them.
Although you can also look at football helmet ratings, the NOCSAE cautions «against an over-reliance
on any individual data point, rating or measurement which could lead to inaccurate conclusions or even a false sense of security that one helmet brand or model guarantees a measurably higher level of
concussion protection than another for a particular
athlete.»
Code 167.775 requires any statewide athletic organization with public school membership to publish an annual report relating to the impact of
concussions and head injuries
on student
athletes.
Information
on the school board's
concussion and head injury policy must be a part of any written instrument that a school district requires a student
athlete and his or her parents or guardian to sign before participating in practice or interscholastic competition.
It is up to parents, whether it be individually or as members of a booster club, «Friends of Football,» or PTA, to raise money to (a) fund the hiring of a certified athletic trainer (who, as we always say, should be the first hire after the head football coach); (b) consider equipping players with impact sensors (whether in or
on helmets, in mouth guards, skullcaps, earbuds, or chinstraps); (c) purchase
concussion education videos (which a new study shows players want and which they remember better); (d) to bring in speakers, including former
athletes, to speak about
concussion (another effective way to impress
on young
athletes the dangers of
concussion); and (e) to pay for instructors to teach about proper tackling and neck strengthening;