The court must determine: (i) whether the evidence establishes the employee's deceitful (dishonest)
conduct on a balance of probabilities; and (ii) if so, whether the nature and degree of the dishonesty warrant the employee's dismissal.
In accordance with this test, a trial judge must instruct the jury to determine: (1) whether the evidence established the employee's deceitful
conduct on a balance of probabilities; and (2) if so, whether the nature and degree of the dishonesty warranted dismissal.
Not exact matches
Modify cartel laws so they apply
conduct affecting goods or services supplied or acquired in Australian markets and are confined to
conduct involving firms who are actual or likely competitors (determined
on balance of probabilities)
They must litigate without the power to cross examine witnesses giving evidence against them, who may remain anonymous and absent from the court, without publicly funded legal representation, without any restriction as to the material placed before the fact - finding court, and can be found responsible for
conduct on a mere
balance of probabilities.»
If there were an issue
on the latter point, the plaintiff would have to establish,
on the
balance of probability, that the negligent
conduct is capable
of causing the injury.
(2) Exceptionally, a plaintiff may succeed by showing that the defendant's
conduct materially contributed to risk
of the plaintiff's injury, where (a) the plaintiff has established that her loss would not have occurred «but for» the negligence
of two or more tortfeasors, each possibly in fact responsible for the loss; and (b) the plaintiff, through no fault
of her own, is unable to show that any one
of the possible tortfeasors in fact was the necessary or «but for» cause
of her injury, because each can point to one another as the possible «but for» cause
of the injury, defeating a finding
of causation
on a
balance of probabilities against anyone.
However, section 193 (1)
of the Highway Traffic Act applies a «reverse onus» requiring the driver
of a motor vehicle who collides with a pedestrian or cyclist to prove,
on a
balance of probabilities that the collision did not arise from their negligence or improper
conduct.
The burden
of proof
on a private access leave application is a lower burden than the civil
balance of probabilities (i.e., an private access applicant need only establish sufficient credible evidence
of the alleged
conduct to lead to a bona fide belief by the Tribunal).
«The court need only be satisfied
on the
balance of probabilities that the cash is recoverable property or intended for use in unlawful
conduct; there is no requirement for the applicant to identify a particular criminal activity and lies told by the people in possession
of the cash can be used to support an inference that the cash was derived from crime and / or intended for use in crime.»
To succeed in such a claim for recovery the claimant had to prove,
on a
balance of probabilities, that the matters alleged to constitute unlawful
conduct occurred.
It was for the court to decide
on a
balance of probabilities whether the matters alleged to constitute unlawful
conduct had been proved: s 241 (3).
The plaintiffs must prove
on the
balance of probabilities that but for the
conduct that you have identified as breaching the standard
of care, sometimes we call this the «negligent
conduct», the injury would not have [occurred].
To establish a breach
of these provisions, each element
of the
conduct must be proved
on a
balance of probabilities.