We also can combat other forces that lower
the confidence of children of color in their academic ability and their worth, such as the pervasive belief in this country in the bell curve of ability, school practices for tracking, disproportionate placement in special education, biased application of discipline procedures, and unequal access to Advanced Placement classes.
In her book The Bonds
of Love, Jessica Benjamin talks about the struggle the mother has while dealing with the constant willfulness, the clinging, or the tyrannical demands typical
of the rapprochement: «What the mother feels during rapprochement and how she works this out will be
colored by her ability to deal straightforwardly with aggression and dependence, her sense
of herself as entitled to a separate existence, and her
confidence in her
child's ability to survive conflict, loss, and imperfection.»