Within family systems
theory is the concept of a child's triangulation into the
conflict between the parents which can include a cross-generational coalition of a child with one parent, the alienating parent,
against the other parent, the rejected parent.
Failure to possess the requisite professional knowledge, training, and expertise in attachment
theory, personality disorder processes (particularly narcissistic an borderline personality dynamics and their characteristic decompensation under stress), and in family systems constructs (particularly centering on the child's triangulation into the spousal
conflict through a cross-generational parent - child coalition
against the other parent) which is necessary for competent professional diagnosis and treatment with this «special population» of children and families may represent practice beyond the boundaries of professional competence in violation of professional practice standards.