Sentences with word «confounders»

People with all three symptoms of insomnia were 2.8 times more likely to die from a fatal injury than those with no insomnia symptoms, even after adjusting for potential confounders such as alcohol consumption and daily use of sleep medication.

The new approach uses an algorithm that automatically identifies and adjusts for confounders as well as or better than the most knowledgeable scientist can, says Jeremy Rassen, one of the algorithm's creators.

These covariates were included as confounders in the multivariable logistic regression models.

They found that increasing maternal C - reactive protein levels were significantly associated with development of schizophrenia in offspring and remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders such as parental history of psychiatric disorders, twin / singleton birth, location of birth, and maternal socioeconomic status.

Most have favoured eating breakfast, or eating earlier in the day, although most studies have too many confounders to be truly useful.

This is the first time that a UK - based study has attempted to answer this question using multivariable analysis techniques to control for known confounders such as: parity, anaemia, maternal age and maternal BMI [12, 13].

Possible Confounders With Whole - Grain Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

Finally, we conducted a post hoc analysis to adjust for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction and a sensitivity analysis to determine the effect of potential unmeasured confounders.

Panousis N, Gutierrez - Arcelus M, Dermitzakis ET, Lappalainen T: Allelic mapping bias in RNA - sequencing is not a major confounder in eQTL studies.

In October 1999, a meta - analysis including 20 studies from 1966 to 1996 showed that breast feeding was associated with significant higher scores on cognitive development tests.21 Adjusting for several confounders, the mean difference between breast fed children and children who had been exclusively bottle fed was 3.16 points (95 % CI: 2.35 to 3.98).

Finally, it was not possible to assess other potentially relevant confounders between depression and physical aggressive behaviors.

After adjusting for a broad range of confounder variables, the associations between parent - rated hyperactivity / inattention and conduct problems measured at age 3 and academic outcomes at age 16 (national General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination results) were investigated (n = 11640).

SMMIS contained information on various socio - demographic characteristics of women giving birth, thus allowing us to control for social and demographic confounders as well as obstetric and medical ones.

Physical activity recall and 1 - week food frequency questionnaire were obtained at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months to examine physical activity and dietary confounders as potential covariates.

Although the observational studies that underlie our models all adjusted for multiple confounders, including known risk factors for the disease outcomes of interest, risk factors for early breastfeeding cessation such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, and obesity are also risk factors for metabolic disease in later life.

Despite the measurement of key confounders in our analyses, the potential for residual confounding can not be ruled out, and although our food frequency questionnaire specified portion size, the assessment of diet using any method will have measurement error.

Future studies that examine these disparities should attempt to include these additional confounders in their analyses.

Both were addressed through multi-level modelling, which controlled for pretest differences (and other potential confounders over time) and provided robust maximum likelihood estimates of missing data.

My belief is that it probably has to do with uncontrolled confounders which are a * big * problem in these types of studies.

Multivariate analysis suggested that maternal age, maternal education, and maternal intelligence (Raven score) were significant confounders of this association.

These differences are most likely caused by residual confounders not included in the observational regression models.

The huge confounder here is that doctors prescribe those drugs especially to people at higher risk of gastrointestinal bleeds.

Widely considered to be the best tests of clinical efficacy and safety, the randomized, placebo -, or standard - controlled clinical trial has a rigorous design that is engineered to balance both observed and unmeasured confounders between the intervention and control arms, which makes any resulting difference observed between the 2 trial arms a causal result of the intervention.

Summary estimates were calculated using a general variance - based method (random - effects model) with 95 % CIs.19 Because the potential confounders considered in multivariate analyses vary across studies, we used the parameter estimates in the most complex model, which typically include demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors.

Most studies highlighted this issue later in the discussion section when suggesting possible explanations of their results, but very few address potential confounders earlier on.

To account for potential confounders associated with diabetes self - care, we conducted a logistic regression to determine whether the percentage of patients with HbA1c levels ≥ 8 % were different between attachment style categories after adjusting for covariates that were specifically different between attachment groups, such as demographics, medical comorbidity, diabetes complications, diabetes knowledge, and depression.

This season, he is the most prolific and successful dribbler in the Premier League, with 118 take ons from 231 attempts; a tally that should see him assume the mantle of being the division's most dangerous and dynamic confounder of defenders from Eden Hazard last year.

Typical confounders include age, sex race / ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education level, occupation, etc..

I don't believe adequate studies have been done to truly find out by taking into account ALL the necessary confounders, but I would not be flabbergasted to find there is an increased risk.

A study that does not adequately account for confounders runs the risk of having bias that influences the findings.