EYES A great number of common breeds suffer from
congenital eye abnormalities including glaucoma, cataracts, and blindness.
Founded in 1966 to help quantify the incidence of hip dysplasia and help breeders reduce its manifestation, the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (5) reads radiographs (x-rays) and catalogs information about hip and elbow dysplasia (joint malformations), thyroid disease,
congenital cardiac disease, and patellar luxation (loose kneecaps), and offers DNA testing for several diseases, including copper toxicosis, progressive retinal atrophy (an
eye disease), Von Willebrand disease (a bleeding disorder) and renal dysplasia (a kidney
abnormality).