In addition, it is unknown how often infants born without recognizable abnormalities of ZIKV infection will later develop problems (e.g., cognitive impairment, hearing loss, ocular findings), as has been seen with
other congenital infections, for example, rubella.»
The red circles represent infants with apparent symptoms
of congenital infection (symptomatic infection), and yellow circles represent infected infants without apparent symptoms (asymptomatic infection).
Participants at the NIH workshop aimed to address these knowledge gaps by discussing clinical observations of Zika - affected infants,
similar congenital infections, treatment options, management guidelines and research needs.
Congenital infections also call for close medical follow - up to watch for any effects of the disease that may develop as the baby grows.
Pregnant women at high risk
for congenital infection are generally identified by testing for the CMV antibody immunoglobulin M (IgM).
After statistical analysis of all the results, the team determined that fetal abnormalities revealed through ultrasound and positive PCR results for uterine cervical secretion were the two most effective ways to
predict congenital infection before birth.
Because the rate of ocular abnormalities is very high in this age group and the retinal lesions differ from other
congenital infections described previously in the literature, we hypothesized that a cause and effect relationship between ZIKV infection and ocular abnormalities was possible.
«Our findings suggest Zika virus should be officially added to the list
of congenital infections,» said Thália Velho Barreto de Araújo of Brazil's Pernambuco University, who also worked on the research team.
If
a congenital infection is suspected, a doctor will run blood tests and cultures of blood and other fluids from the infant, and sometimes the mother, to try to make a diagnosis.
Three pregnant women were infected, with two cases of
congenital infection, and another two travellers had Guillain - Barré or GBS - like syndrome, making a total of 10 % of cases with severe complications of Zika.
Both ultrasound and PCR tests for uterine cervical secretion are non-invasive procedures, and using them can offer a safer method to test high - risk pregnant women and predict the occurrence of
congenital infection.
University of Utah professors Marissa Diener and Albert Park are lead authors of a study showing how a Utah law has led to increased screenings of infants with hearing loss due to
a congenital infection.
A Utah law has led to increased early identification of infants with hearing loss due to
a congenital infection, according to a new study by University of Utah and Utah Department of Health researchers.
Currently the most realistic and financially viable approach is targeting pregnant women who have a high risk of
congenital infection and testing their newborn infants with a PCR urine examination.
«From an imaging standpoint, the abnormalities in the brain are very severe when compared to other
congenital infections.»
Venn diagram showing ultrasound and PCR test findings for 22 infants with congenital CMV infection The red circles represent infants with apparent symptoms of
congenital infection (symptomatic infection), and yellow circles represent infected infants without apparent symptoms (asymptomatic infection).
«
Congenital infection with Zika virus should be considered a risk factor for hearing loss,» the researchers concluded.
Other
congenital infections are known to cause hearing problems, but this is one of the first times its been documented among children with Zika - related microcephaly.
«From an imaging standpoint, the abnormalities in the brain are very severe when compared to other
congenital infections,» report co-author Dr. Deborah Levine said in a news release from the journal Radiology, which published the findings Aug. 23.
«Other
congenital infections can cause hearing loss, which is diagnosed at birth or during later follow - up; however, few data exist regarding hearing loss associated with confirmed congenital Zika virus infection,» the researchers said in their report.
Where feasible, screening of amniotic fluid for abnormalities and
congenital infections, including Zika virus, is recommended, especially in cases where women test negative for Zika, but their ultrasounds indicate fetal brain abnormalities.
Bennie Osburn, Emeritus Dean of the UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine since 1996, has been involved in key discoveries about food animal viruses — including the bluetongue virus — developmental immunology,
congenital infections and food safety.
A congenital infection can lead to the growth of warts in the respiratory tract.