In other studies, there have been
no consistent effects on insulin sensitivity of variations in total fat intake between 20 % and 40 % of total energy intake without changes in fatty acid composition (107, 117).
Polymorphisms in five of 15 genes (33 %) encoding molecules known to primarily influence pancreatic beta - cell function - ABCC8 (sulphonylurea receptor), KCNJ11 (KIR6.2), SLC2A2 (GLUT2), HNF4A (HNF4alpha), and INS (
insulin)- significantly altered disease risk, and in three genes, the risk allele, haplotype, or both had a biologically
consistent effect on a relevant physiological trait in the QT study.
Finally, clinical studies have not yielded
consistent evidence for adverse
effects of saturated fat
on CVD risk factors other than LDL cholesterol, although reduced
insulin sensitivity and increased inflammation have been reported in animal and cellular studies.