Sentences with phrase «constant over»

However, one thing that has remained a constant over the decades is the Eames chair.

Depending on the contract terms provided by the lender, these interest rate caps may be allowed to change at the end of each adjustment period or remain constant over the life of the loan.

Even though home buying is increasing, rental growth has remained constant over the past decade, creating a steady demand for quality property managers.

The best - fit model indicated that the causal relationship for genetic risk factors was from CD to PD and was constant over time.

Static theories postulate that the variation in criminal behavior is explained by individual differences in latent criminal propensity, and that these individual differences remain constant over time (Ezell and Cohen 2005).

Relaxing the assumption that benefits remain constant over time and assuming that the effect diminishes to zero by the end of the time period considered results in an estimated cost per QALY of # 56 885 for the 5 - year duration (probability cost - effective at # 20 000 = 30 %) and # 29 664 for the 10 - year time horizon (probability at the # 20 000 threshold = 44 %; table 8).

The utilities were assumed to remain constant over time, with missing values imputed using predictive mean matching and complete cases only to generate estimates of the cost per QALY gained from FLNP over 5 and 10 - year time horizons, based on linear extrapolation of effect over time.

Generally, the premiums remain constant over the life of the policy.

They pay a lower premium rate that increases gradually over the first three to five years and then remains constant over the life of the policy.

While the premium stays constant over the term, the face value steadily declines.

Whole life insurance: The most common type of permanent life insurance, in which premiums generally remain constant over the life of the policy and must be paid periodically in the amount specified in the policy.

The need for training has remained constant over the years with voice recognition.

But assuming that solar output is constant over thousands of years is a pretty big assumption that is based on nothing (once again, IMHO) other than wishful thinking.

Just the fact we have seasons when the CO2 is constant over a year shows the CO2 role is smaller than at least a dozen other atmospheric factors.

So if total optical thickness from CO2 and water vapor has stayed constant over 60 years then surely total optical thickness must have increased?

And, there are additional questions as to whether the forcing and climate sensitivity would really be constant over that many doublings.

Soils and the fertilization factors can not be assumed to stay constant over centuries with variable rainfall etc..

I came to think of solar radiation as being the ultimate (and only) external forcing of the climate system, which, except for the orbital seasonal changes and the 11 - year sunspot cycle, has been essentially constant over the past several decades of precision solar irradiance monitoring.

If you keep the time of observation constant over time, this won't make any different to the long - term station trends.

That lends weight to an old idea that the orbits of the planets, far from being clockwork and constant over millions of years, change slightly, a situation that planetary geologists term «chaotic».

«In contrast, glaciers draining the East Antarctic Ice Sheet have been remarkably constant over the period of observation»

Due to the way in which these various cycles have been relative constant over the last 35 million years, the earth has settled into a relatively recent cycle of approximately 100,000 year long declining climates and ice ages, and brief 12,000 - 18,000 year long warm spells we call inter-glacial periods like our current Holocene.

Now, extraction technology may improve, but those un-economic barrels will be hard to get, so let's assume that today's life cycle emissions per bbl remain constant over time.

The natural variability in sink capacity is around + / - 2 GtC, quite constant over the years, while the human emissions increased from 1.5 to 8 GtC / year and the average increase in the atmosphere followed with about 53 % of the emissions.

Their choice to infill was primarily driven by a desire to let people calculate a consistent record of absolute temperatures by ensuring that the station composition remained constant over time.

To do this, models with time evolving land use from different datasets will be compared with models where the land use is kept constant over time.

Meaning, even if the UHI is +38 or something, it doesn't mean anything for the data if that same value has remained constant over the last generation (or, as Jones et al say, vary by only 0.05 or something).

Models with a time evolving land use from different datasets will be compared with models where the land use is kept constant over time.

You are forgetting that emissivity and absorptivity themselves are not constant over all wavelengths.

The only trick is knowing the emissivity of a surface (and whether the emissivity is constant over the wavelength range in question), but that doesn't really seem to be your difficulty.

Therefore, estimating equilibrium climate sensitivity based on measurements of a climate that's out of equilibrium requires making some significant assumptions, for example that feedbacks will remain constant over time.

The rate of increase of the increase (that is not the same as the rate of increase itself, which is about constant over the past decade) did stall in the past decade, as good as in a few other periods, but in adjacent periods, the rate of increase of the increase doubled.

The rate of increase is not constant over the period (it is up and down like a yoyo).

Our results show that hydroclimatic variability in the Southwest has not remained constant over the last millennia, with a shift from low to high variance at the MCA - LIA transition that was accompanied by a change in quasi-periodic variance, from a higher concentration of power in the multi-decadal periodicities during the MCA vs. interannual and decadal periodicities during the LIA.

Take a PDF constant over a finite range and zero outside.

Parker's Figure 4 makes it pretty clear that the difference between average temperatures on windy days and average temperatures on calm days is nearly constant over time, at least for his dataset.

I don't see how this value can be measured by the data available, and it is not necessary to believe that it is constant over all sites.

The relative likelihoods is nearly constant over a wide range of true ages.

To repeat it was found that First, the number of small clusters (< 1.2 nm) was essentially constant over time with loss from evaporation and reaction balancing growth by accretion and reaction.

The 342 W / m ^ 2 ISR is determined by spreading the average 1,368 W / m ^ 2 solar irradiance / constant over the spherical ToA surface area.

U.S. natural gas production has remained relatively constant over the last two decades and is unlikely to increase over the long run, despite growing consumption.

As it appears that warming has been rather constant over the last 200 + years, at about 0.5 deg C per century, then one can not make any attribution to a contribution to warming by man's emissions.

(It must also be remembered that the apparent linear trend started around the beginning of the period considered while the temperature had been close to constant over the precious decades.

One potential reason for this difference was that Brown and Fogel [40] modeled the treatment - runoff relationship to be constant over time, 18 mm (0.71 inches), and did not evaluate variability in precipitation but instead assumed average winter precipitation of 396 mm (15.6 inches).

It states that the total amount of energy in an isolated system remains constant over time.

The incoming solar radiation has been almost constant over the past 50 years, apart from the well - known 11 - year solar cycle.

You can not conclude from this method (contrary to Miskolczi) that the CLEAR SKY infrared tau has remained roughly constant over the last 60 years; he can not conclude what he is saying that the global average ALL SKY annual infrared optical thickness has been unchanged; and of course no one can conclude the opposite: this method proves nothing.

and:» I am talking about clear sky total infra - red optical depth — which has remained roughly constant over the last 60 years»

Presumably, in view of the nature of the response, this would be a kind of 1 / e type time constant rather than a fixed period but could some number be put on it, that would remain reasonably constant over the whole period, despite the change in amplitude and rate of growth?

The unrealized warming has been fairly constant over the past ~ 50 years whereas the radiative forcing increases the further back in time you choose your initial point.