The observed regional changes are consistent in pattern and amount with the changes in SST and the assumption of a near -
constant relative humidity increase in water vapour mixing ratio.
Not exact matches
Total column water vapour has
increased over the global oceans by 1.2 ± 0.3 % per decade from 1988 to 2004, consistent in pattern and amount with changes in SST and a fairly
constant relative humidity.
Current state - of - the - art climate models predict that
increasing water vapor concentrations in warmer air will amplify the greenhouse effect created by anthropogenic greenhouse gases while maintaining nearly
constant relative humidity.
And come to think of it, why would we even expect clouds to
increase, given that
relative humidity is actually declining slightly over land, and staying
constant over the oceans (as AR4 informs us?)
Now since
relative humidity remains roughly
constant at the ocean surface and the air's capacity to hold water
increases with temperature,
relative humidity will actually decrease over land, particularly as one enters the continental interiors.
We expect, through the Clausius - Clapeyron equation, that the specific
humidity will
increase roughly 20 % in response to 3 degrees of warming provided the temperature and
humidity vary in such a way as to keep the global
relative humidity roughly
constant.
The water vapor content of the atmosphere rises by about 50 percent if atmospheric temperatures were to
increase by 5C and
relative humidity remained
constant.
Given the Clausius - Clapeyron relationship, the
humidity of saturation
increases roughly 8 % for every 1 °C, doubling for every 10 °C, where
relative humidity remains roughly
constant and therefore absolute
humidity increases at 8 % per 1 °C.
The absolute
humidity will be largely set by the oceans, so water vapor and will
increase but
relative humidity over land will largely decrease, resulting in less precipitation than one would otherwise expect, given Clausius - Clapeyron and a
constant residence time.
For example, the atmospheric warming due to
increased CO2 might well be expected to
increase water evaporation so as to keep
Relative Humidity constant (albeit raising Specific
Humidity), so amplifying the small warming effect of CO2 itself.
One such feedback might exist if, as assumed in some models,
relative humidity is
constant, so
increasing the temperature has the positive feedback of
increasing the water vapor.
28 Estimated Strength of Water Vapor Feedback Earliest studies suggest that if the absolute
humidity increases in proportion to the saturation vapor pressure (
constant relative humidity), this will give rise to a water vapor feedback that will double the sensitivity of climate compared to an assumption of fixed absolute
humidity.
Therefore, assuming that the
relative humidity remains about
constant, the strength of the greenhouse effect will
increase with surface temperature.
Of course it does not agree with IPCC, who is selling us the message that specific
humidity increases in march - step with temperature according to Clausius - Clapeyron to essentially maintain a
constant relative humidity (thereby resulting in a major positive feedback from water vapor with warming).
Over the ocean, the observed surface specific
humidity increases at 5.7 % per 1ºC warming, which is consistent with a
constant relative humidity.
If
relative humidity remains
constant, CO2 induced warming would cause
increasing specific
humidity and a strong positive feedback.
Climate models (for various obscure reasons) tend to maintain
constant relative humidity at each atmospheric level, and therefore have an
increasing absolute
humidity at each level as the surface and atmospheric temperatures
increase.
Water vapor feedback in climate models is positive mainly because of their roughly
constant relative humidity (i.e.,
increasing q) in the mid-to-upper troposphere as the planet warms.
«If
relative humidity stays
constant — and that's what we expect with climate change — and temperatures go up, that means the amount of moisture in the atmosphere is
increasing non-linearly,» says Tom Matthews, a climatologist at Liverpool John Moores University in the UK, who led the research.
Isaac — Among unsettled issues is the change in upper tropospheric
humidity with warming — specific humdity
increases, but there is conflicting information as to whether this
increase is sufficient to maintain a near -
constant relative humidity (RH — e.g. Minschwaner and Dessler 2004 as compared with Soden et al 2005).