Scientists could build chips
containing cells from patients with specific genetic mutations, which could predict drug responses in specific populations, as well as personalized chips that predict an individual's drug response.
Not exact matches
The catch is that the new
cells still
contain DNA
from the original stem
cells, so they don't match the
patient's exactly.
Desgrosellier said the team will follow up with mouse models
containing tumor fragments
from patients to better reflect the diversity of
cell types present in human disease.
What could be more «like» a
patient's own brain than a miniature one grown
from her own
cells, and therefore
containing DNA identical to hers?
Using specimens collected annually in
patients seen at Dr. Young's bone marrow failure clinic at the NIH Clinical Center, the investigators show that
patients can support good blood
cell production for many years
from only a few stem
cell clones, which can
contain many unfavorable mutations.
To confirm that the missing mutations were important for generating an immune response, the researchers cultured a subset of the neoantigen protein fragments
containing the tumor mutations with immune
cells taken
from three
patients» blood samples.
For years, scientists have observed that tumor
cells from certain breast cancer
patients with aggressive forms of the disease
contained low levels of mitochondrial DNA.
It
contains data on the electrical properties of about 300 cortical neurons taken
from 36
patients and 3D reconstructions of 100 of those
cells, plus gene expression data
from 16,000 neurons
from three other
patients.
For example, we can run drug tests on heart
cells created
from a
patient's own skin
cells, which
contain a complete set of the genes that caused the disease.
Healthy individuals» lungs
contain very few goblet
cells, but
patients who die
from asthma — an estimated 5,000 people annually — have significantly higher numbers of these
cells.
Importantly, each
cell line
contained a complete set of the genes
from each Huntington's disease
patient.
For AQUA analysis, 2 pairs of slides (
containing two cores
from different areas of each matching primary and metastatic tumor per
patient) or test arrays of cores
from FFPE placental tissue and MEL624
cells not overexpressing or overexpressing PD - L1 were concomitantly stained.
CD4 + T -
cells from patients with HIV - 1 were transduced with a lentiviral vector
containing an antisense sequence against the HIV - 1 envelope.
To help tease out cancer's inherited components, the new study adds analysis of the sequencing data
from the
patients» normal
cells that
contain the «germline» information.