Most reported cases have been ascribed to the use of
contaminated well
water for preparation of infant formula.1 — 3 Fifteen million families in the United States obtain their drinking
water from unregulated wells.4 In a survey of 5500 private
water supplies from 9 Midwestern states, 13 % of the wells were found to have nitrate concentrations > 10 mg / L or 10 ppm nitrate nitrogen, 5 the federal maximum contaminant level.6 It is estimated that 2 million families drink
water from private wells that fail to meet the federal drinking -
water standard for nitrate, and 40000 infants younger than 6 months live in homes that have nitrate -
contaminated water supplies.4 In urban areas,
municipal wastewater - treatment discharges (a source of nutrients) on surrounding farmland aggravate the problem.7
The
municipal water supply in Hoosick Falls, a village in Rensselaer County near the Vermont border, was found to have been
contaminated with the chemical PFOA from a nearby plastics plant run by Saint - Gobain.
In addition, while toxicity has occurred from
contaminated water getting into the food
supply, human exposure to environmental cadmium is primarily the result of the burning of fossil fuels and
municipal wastes.