Sentences with phrase «continuous measurements of»

The Ground Radiation (GNDRAD) collection of radiometers provides continuous measurements of broadband reflected shortwave (solar) and longwave (infrared) irradiances for upwelling components.

Guazzotti, S. A., Coffee, K. R., & Prather, K. A. Continuous measurements of size - resolved particle chemistry during INDOEX - Intensive Field Phase 99.

The Solar Infrared Radiation Station (SIRS) provides continuous measurements of broadband shortwave (solar) and longwave (atmospheric or infrared) irradiances for downwelling and upwelling components.

The Sky Radiation (SKYRAD) collection of radiometers provides continuous measurements of broadband shortwave (solar) and longwave (infrared) irradiances for downwelling components.

But the low measurement of sea ice that Carrington pointed to disagreed with at least five other continuous measurements of the Arctic, and was thus unreliable.

Remote - sensing systems called profilers have been developed to provide almost continuous measurements of wind and, somewhat less accurately, of moisture and temperature throughout the lowest 10 km (6 miles) of the atmosphere.

The BRS station collection of radiometers provides continuous measurements of broadband shortwave (solar) and longwave (infrared) irradiances for downwelling components.

The problems arise for previous periods, but then we depend on other observations than the continuous measurements of temperature by satellites and CO2 at MLO or other base stations.

ARM was the first climate research program to deploy such a comprehensive suite of cutting - edge instrumentation for obtaining continuous measurements of cloud and aerosol properties.

The BC content of the Arctic atmosphere has declined markedly since 1989, according to the continuous measurements of near - surface air at Alert (Canada), Barrow (Alaska), and Ny - Alesund (Svalbard).

Before Charles Keeling began his measurements atop Hawaii's Mauna Loa volcano in 1958, accurate, continuous measurements of CO2 in the atmosphere had proved difficult to get.

Brooks, along with USGS colleague Sarah Minson and others show that a smartphone's ability to take continuous measurements of its location with GPS can be harnessed to detect and measure the large ground movement that occurs during an earthquake.

Outfitted with specialised instruments, the buoy functions as an unmanned research platform for continuous measurements of solar radiation absorption and other critical properties of Arctic snow and ice.

One study took continuous measurements of mother - infant activity patterns for four months after birth.

With that first triangle established, subsequent triangles could be measured by a theodolite (a triangle - measuring instrument), and ultimately the shapes could be linked together into what became the longest continuous measurement of the Earth's surface ever achieved.

They then used a simple microfluidic layout to flow the microgel and allow a continuous measurement of the fluorescence signal with several emission wavelengths for the multiplexed barcode detection.

The new paper draws these two strands of climate control together and shows, by demonstrating a strong relationship between the Southern Oscillation and lower - atmospheric temperature, that ENSO has been a major temperature influence since continuous measurement of lower - atmospheric temperature first began in 1958.

It is essential to carry out continuous measurement of planetary atmosphere, such as the Jovian infrared aurora and the volcanoes on Jovian satellite Io, to understand its time and spatial variations.

So is total solar irradiance (TSI) and we have continuous measurement of TSI from weather satellites since late 1978 as shown on this graph from the World Radiation Centre in Davos.

is total solar irradiance (TSI) and we have continuous measurement of TSI from weather satellites since late 1978 as

Despite the importance of soil moisture information, widespread and / or continuous measurement of soil moisture is all but nonexistent.

Kim Y, Park S - J, Lee B - Y, Risk D (2016) Continuous measurement of soil carbon efflux with Forced Diffusion (FD) chambers in a tundra ecosystem of Alaska.

Use of dual gold cartridges allowed alternate sampling and desorption, resulting in continuous measurement of GEM on a predefined time base.

wrist - worn watch or band; continuous measurement of HR; stated battery life > 24 h; commercially available direct to consumer at the time of the study; one device per manufacturer.

Not exact matches

The CO2 is sampled from air that is above the Boundary Layer; ostensibly free from surface effects.The Keeling Curve has the longest history of CO2 continuous measurements; but over the past 50 years a network of similar stations has become active.

All measurements of lead and other chemicals used in this study were made using DRI's continuous ice core analytical system.

One of the most important continuous records of climate change — nearly four decades of satellite measurements of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice — might soon be interrupted.

Continuous measurement and imaging of the intracellular free calcium ion concentration -LRB-[Ca2 +] i) of mitotic and interphase PtK1 cells was accomplished with the new fluorescent Ca2 + indicator fura - 2.

The newly released measurements constitute a nearly continuous global record of the variability in this radiation belt for the past 16 years, including how it responds to solar storms.

Researchers from The University of Manchester's Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics have developed and demonstrated a process for continuous electron density measurement of the previously under - explored D region of the ionosphere — a part of the atmosphere that previously could only be sensitively probed by short - lived rocket - borne instruments.

Apart from continuous measurements over years at different daytimes and locations, the scientists also studied vertical distribution of dust pollution in cooperation with colleagues of the Atmospheric Environmental Research Division of KIT's Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research and the Institute of Regional Science of KIT.

Spacecraft instruments will gather continuous data on the interplanetary environment where the planetary system orbits, including measurements of the high - energy particles streaming from the sun and dust - particle concentrations in the inner reaches of the Kuiper Belt.

The repeated, continuous measurements make the technique especially sensitive and accurate in identifying «fingerprints» of specific molecules.

Researchers supplement the continuous observations with guest instruments during field research campaigns or by requesting increases in the frequency of measurements, such as sonde launches.

Rose, D., S.S. Gunthe, E. Mikhailov, G.P. Frank, U. Dusek, M.O. Andreae and U. Pöschl, Calibration and measurement uncertainties of a continuous - flow cloud condensation nuclei counter (DMTCCNC): CCN activation of ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride aerosol particles in theory and experiment, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 1153 - 1179, 2008.

Continuous measurements was used for the first time to estimate the direct radiative feedback of natural aerosols

Specificity of the PCR products was confirmed by the melting curve program with temperatures in the range of 60 - 95 °C with a heating rate of 0.5 - 0.05 °C / s and a continuous florescence measurement.

The pulse ion counting detector enables measurement of both positive and negative ions through 7 continuous decades, the integral accumulation mode being used for the capture of discreet particle events.

Continuous series of tree - ring dated wood samples have been obtained for roughly the past 10,000 years which give the approximate correct radiocarbon age, demonstrating the general validity of the conventional radiocarbon dating technique.Several long tree - ring chronologies have been constructed specifically for use in calibrating the radiocarbon time scale.Some may have mistaken this to mean that the sample had been dated to 20,000 radiocarbon years.The second characteristic of the measurement of radiocarbon is that it is easy to contaminate a sample which contains very little radiocarbon with enough radiocarbon from the research environment to give it an apparent radiocarbon age which is much less than its actual radiocarbon age.

Beginning with an almost eight - minute continuous take, which sees Krisha going back to her family, the film has an immediate sense of measurement and control.

The arguments to support the LTT include the Governing Board's legal obligation to maintain it, as well as prudence in retaining the only continuous measurement since the early 1970s of what students actually know and are able to do, while what students should know and be able to do has been measured from the early 1990s by the Main NAEP (1).

Indicators and measurement methods should change over time in response to the continuous evaluation and improvement of a state's school accountability framework.

Unlike recent policy changes, continuous improvement is based on evidence that includes outcomes, processes, and resources, and embeds measurement into the day - to - day work of the system and its participants.

Principals need to develop systems that build on continuous monitoring of student progress to augment the end - of - year snap - shot measurement approach.

Costing more than $ 100,000 each, the crash dummies are wired with sensors that transmit dozens of continuous measurements to a computer that records a stream of data 4,000 times during the two - fifths - of - a-second duration of a crash.

Critical patients are closely monitored with continuous EKGs, non-invasive blood pressure monitoring, pulse oximetry for efficiency of respiration (tissue oxygen saturation) measurement, and other advanced procedures.

The University happens to be the keeper of a continuous 7,000 - year record of tree - ring measurements from Ireland, and Mr. Keenan has a theory that those rings could tell us something about the climate long ago.

In contrast to surface monitoring, McKitrick reports that satellites cover 95 percent of the Earth with continuous and consistent measurement techniques.

The measurements at MLO, Barrow, Samoa, south pole represent 95 % of the atmosphere, where only seasonal variations and a continuous increase are seen, not (or limited) the influence of local / regional biological decay or uptake, car exhausts or chimneys as in 5 % of the atmosphere over land where such variations are measured for other reasons than a global CO2 level...

In the day of computers and continuous measurements, surely hourly weighted averages are better than the basic max / min 50/50 split??